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NAS 2 Challenge Exam extra/Questions and Answers
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NAS 2 Challenge Examextra/Questions and Answers
List the 8 Life functions necessary for Life. - -How are these related?
1. Synthesis
2. Respiration
3. Regulation
4. Reproduction
5. Excretion
6. Growth
7. Nutrition
8. Transport
-Metabolism - -ANABOLIC + CATABOLIC
Both anabolism and catabolism occur simultaneously and continuously to
keep you alive.
-Anabolism - -SMALL substances are combined into larger/complex
molecules
-Catabolism - -LARGE substances are broken down into smaller/simpler
molecules. ("destructive metabolism" releases energy)
-Anatomy - -study of body structure of an entire organism
-Physiology - -study of internal functioning of an organism
-Give the order of the 5 steps in the Homeostatic Control Mechanism. - -
How are these related?
1. stimulus
2. receptor
3. integrator/control center
4. effector
5. set point
-negative feedback - -mechanism that exists as a feedback loop because it
can either increase or decrease the stimulus. will perform the opposite of the
stimulus in order to return to homeostasis. (ex. human body temperature,
blood sugar regulation)
-positive feedback - -maintains the direction of the stimulus, possibly
accelerating it. (ex. Blood clotting/coagulation - as one clotting factor is
activated, it activates the next factor in the sequence until a fibrin clot is
, achieved) (ex. Human birth - pressure on cervix, contractions, hormone
secretion)
-Homeostasis - -"steady state"; ability to maintain internal conditions within
a normal range almost constantly. Tendency towards relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements.
-Describe the anatomical position - -the body is standing upright with the
feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward. Upper limbs are held out to
each side, and the palms of the hands face forward
-Head (Axial Body Region) - -cephalic
-Neck (Axial Body Region) - -cervical
-skull (Axial Body Region) - -cranial
-forehead (Axial Body Region) - -frontal
-nose (Axial Body Region) - -nasal
-base of skull (Axial Body Region) - -occipital
-mouth (Axial Body Region) - -oral
-eyes (Axial Body Region) - -orbital/ocular
-armpit (Axial Body Region) - -axillary
-ribs (Axial Body Region) - -costal
-shoulder (Axial Body Region) - -deltoid
-breast (Axial Body Region) - -mammary
-chest (Axial Body Region) - -pectoral
-shoulder blade (Axial Body Region) - -scapular
-breastbone (Axial Body Region) - -sternal
-backbone (Axial Body Region) - -vertebral
-abdomen (Axial Body Region) - -abdominal
-buttocks (Axial Body Region) - -gluteal
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