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BTEC applied science unit 12 - diseases and infections assignment C
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BTEC applied science unit 12 disease and infection assignment C
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Assignment CSpring is the start of something good, especially if you are a tick, this is their
time to thrive. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is transmitted from ticks
to humans. Tick bites can be dangerous if left untreated and a rash can form, this
rash can be large and have many different pigments, this is then followed by flu
like symptoms. It is best to remove ticks as soon as possible to reduce the
chances of getting infected. Ticks are more active during the start of spring to
the end of summer. Always seek medical help if something is not right
(NHS,2021)
The pathogen that causes this disease is a bacteria called Borrelia Burgdorferi.
This disease can affect the body including joints, heart, and skin. There are 3
stages of symptoms with Lyme disease, these include early stage, early
dissemination, and late dissemination. There are many different symptoms that
depend on the area of bite and the type of bacteria causing the infection. Early
stages include headaches, fatigue, fever, aches, and rashes. The later stages are
when the disease begins affecting your heart, nervous system, and joints.
Antibiotics can treat the infection. These antibiotics can be taken orally for
people who have early stages however, they may have to be injected to people
suffering from late stages (NHS, 2021). For people taking it orally will need to
keep a schedule to remember to take it, and they should only ever take however
much they are prescribed as this can start to cause antibiotic resistance and
make you more ill. Injection is the easiest way to get the medicine into your
blood for it to work faster.
Antibiotics are a type of prophylaxis that prevent bacterial infections. It works by
killing bacteria and preventing them from spreading. Antibiotics are needed
when it is not likely to get better without antibiotics, when the infection could
infect others, or if it can cause serious complications. Antibiotics attack the wall
around the bacteria, prevent the bacteria reproducing and block protein
production. (NHS, 2022). When a body gets infected by a pathogen that immune
system creates an immunity to prevent the person getting infected again. Inside
a vaccine are pathogens that we need to be immune to however, they have been
weakened so they can’t cause any harm, as these pathogens still contain
antigens our immune system treats them as if they are real pathogens, the body
will respond to that and produce the antibodies to create immunity. Vaccines are
essential for the control of disease as lessened the number of cases in many
dangerous diseases e.g. smallpox and measles. Vaccines can create herd
immunity, this is when a large group of people are immune to a pathogen then
the disease cannot spread, this makes the pathogen disappear, this makes
unvaccinated people unlikely to get the disease (Cognito, 2018).
Antibiotics may not work since the antibiotics have become resistant to the drug
so they can remain contaminating the body. The bacteria can begin to mutate
and become resistant to the antibiotic. There are a number of different vaccine
variations, inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, messenger RNA
vaccines, conjugate vaccines and toxoid vaccines. Inactivated vaccines do not
give immunity after one shot, you will need boosters to gain immunity over time,
this is because they contain dead germs, these can protect you against hepatitis
A, flu, and rabies. This is a safe way to build an immunity as the pathogens will
not cause any harm therefore it will be easier for the body to adapt and begin
fighting the ‘disease’. The body will remember the cells if it is ever in contact
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