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MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions and answers latest update 2024

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MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions and answers latest update 2024 MI Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow What causes cell death in MI? unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood ...

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  • May 22, 2024
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MSN 570 Advance Patho Questions and
answers latest update 2024
MI
Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow


What causes cell death in MI?
unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus
formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die


What consequence of cell death leads to CP?
hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen


How is MI diagnosed
EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)


What might you find in blood consistent with MI?
elevated CK MB, Troponin


Where does CK MB and Troponin come from?
Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from
damaged heart muscle


3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury
ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS


define reperfussion injury
injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion


how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury?
as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response


how does oxidative process contribute to RI?
RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable


what is primary Hypertension?
Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of
hypertension?


what is secondary hypertension?
Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds


what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN?
persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO

, what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause?
stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage


what is preload?
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole


what is afterload?
peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must pump


hoe does HTN l/t CHF?
overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases
CO.


identify pathological process of gangrene?
form of coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial
invasion


three types of gangrene
dry, wet & gas


what is the major treatment approach for gangrene?
removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene


why use antibiotic for gangrene?
to slow bacterial damage


What are the two major necrotic processes?
Coagulative and liquifactive


What is coagulative necrosis?
necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth


what is liquifactive necrosis?
Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.


Describe dry gangrene
hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow l/t coagulative necrosis


Describe wet gangrene
extensive damage from bacteria with WBC's that have invaided site produces a liquid wound


describe gas gangrene

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