Lecture notes 6-9 for Bio psych. Full, detailed notes that are essential for upcoming exams. Made in Notion and complete with a sleek, readable design (includes contents, headings, images, summaries and glossaries).
Bio psych (6-9)
L6: Primary Visual Pathway
Initial Stages of Visual Processing
Primary visual pathway
Stages
Photoreceptors
Retinal ganglion neurons
Receptive fields of visual neurons
ON-OFF Centre-Surround receptive fields
Functional significance of centre-surround fields
Colour sensitivity of retinal ganglion and LGN neurons
Primary visual cortex (V1)
Orientation-selective cells in V1
Maps and modules in V1
Contributions to understanding visual perception
Experimental strategy
Seminal contributions
Retina-inspired camera
Blindsight
L7: Visual Perception and Memory
Visual information processing
Hierarchy and functional differentiation
Processing in extrastriate cortex
Global vs. component wavelength
Global/ pattern motion vs. component motion
Dorsal and ventral streams
Visual streams: what/ where
Visual streams: what/ how
Inferior temporal cortex
Face cells
Medial temporal lobe
Visual processing and multimodal integration
Evidence
Summary
Revision Qs
L8: Parietal and Frontal Lobes
Parietal Lobe
Boundaries
Postcentral gyrus
Bio psych (6-9) 1
, Posterior parietal lobe
Postcentral gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex (S1)
Penfield’s Somatomic Map
Importance of the somatosensory cortex
Our brain is more dynamic than we assume
Posterior parietal lobe
Intrparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobe
Bálint syndrome
Involvement in cognitive functions might derive from these mechanisms
Right inferior parietal lobe
Lesions in this area
Left anterior inferior parietal lobe
Lesions in this area
Left posterior inferior parietal lobe
Inferior parietal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex might be special.
Frontal Lobe
Lateral view
Medial view
Main subdivisions
Cytoarchitectonics
MRI-based multimodal parcellation
Motor and premotor cortex
Prefrontal cortex
Traditional approach
Issues with traditional approach
Recent approaches: Stuss
Stuss’ conclusions
Stuss evaluation
No lobe is an island
L9: Emotion and the Brain
Basic Emotions
Ekman’s basic emotions
Facial expressions
Universality
Criticisms to Ekman’s approach
Ekman’s sketchy past
Basic Emotions and the Brain
Complete specialisation vs. complete dispersion
Intermediate positions
Why Papez was wrong
Emotion centres and distributed representations
Bio psych (6-9) 2
, Problems with human research
Fear: Conditioning and Extinction
Cued fear conditioning
Context fear conditioning
Amygdala
Stimulation of amygdala
Extinction of fear
Evaluation of extinction
Emotional regulation
Cognitive reappraisal
Implications
L6: Primary Visual Pathway
Initial Stages of Visual Processing
Primary visual pathway
Bio psych (6-9) 3
, Primary visual pathway from eyes to primary visual cortex (striate cortex, V1) in the occipital
lobe
Retina > optic nerve > relay station in thalamus (lat. genic. nucleus) >
primary visual cortex
Left and right visual field that create a region of overlap
Objects that reflect light stimu. photo receptors
Right FOV to left hemi., vice versa
Stages
Bio psych (6-9) 4
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