mark klimek NCLEX tips Questions and Answers

metabolic - both pH and bicarb are in same direction respiratory - in opposite directions normal pH - 7.35-7.45 normal bicarb - 22-26 (2+2+2=6) When pH is high - Alkalosis. everything is high, K+ is low. Ex: hyperreflexia, irritable, taco, When pH is low - Acidosis. everything is low, K+ is high. Ex: lethargic, Brady Mac Kussmaul - The only acid base to cause Kussmaul respirations is Metabolic ACidosis patient over ventilating - pick alkalosis patient under ventilating - pick acidosis metabolic alkalosis - when patient has prolonged gastric vomiting or suctioning. you're losing acids so you're basic metabolic acidosis - everything that isn't lung, pick this. if you don't know what the question is pick this. high pressure vent alarm (increased resistance) - check for kinks - empty water from tube -. turn cough deep breath - suctionlow pressure vent alarm (decreased resistance) - reconnect main tubing - reconnect oxygen sensor vent settings too low when - pt has respiratory acidosis how to confront denial - you say you're not an alcoholic but you've already drank a 6 pack this morning good answer response has - has I. Ex: I'm having trouble understanding the order. disulphate - takes 2 weeks to work, and also 2 weeks to wear off. teach pt to avoid everything with alcohol in it. upper drugs - cocaine, caffeine, methamphetamine, PCP/LSD, ADHD drugs- ritalan and adderal. downer overdose looks like - upper withdrawal upper overdose looks like - downer withdrawal Aminoglycosides - mean old mycins, all end in this ex. cleomycin, clindamycin, gentamycin, etc BUT NOT "thros" thro them away mycin - think mice, think ears, think ototoxic. monitor hearing tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness. also ear is shaped like a kidney, so think nephrotoxic. monitor creatinine. think 8 drawn inside ear so cranial nerve 8, and administer Q8 IV/IM calcium channel blockers - like valium for your heart (relaxes). antihypertensives - relaxes blood vessels. BP goes downantiangina drugs - relaxes heart so it uses less O2. decreases O2 demand. antiatrialarhythmia drugs - treats anything atrial like a flutter a fib SVT - supra ventricular: also saying atrial calcium channel blockers side effects - -hypotension. hod if bp 100 -headache -weakness -dizziness -Edema calcium channel blockers end in - Dapine. verapamil, and cardazem a lack of QRS - think asystole