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Samenvatting strafprocesrecht
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Dit is een samenvatting van strafprocesrecht. Dit is gemaakt op basis van lesnotities, de ppt en voor extra verduidelijking soms het handboek.
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INHOUDSOPGAVEALGEMENE BEGINSELEN STRAFPROCESRECHT: .......................................................................................................................... 5
1. ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
DEFINITIE
1.1 begrip .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 materieel vs. formeel strafrecht .................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 doelstellingen van het strafproces............................................................................................................................... 5
2. ACCUSATOIR VS. INQUISITOIR ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 principe ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 common law landen vs. con;nentale landen .............................................................................................................. 6
3. VERLOOP VAN HET STRAFPROCES ................................................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 schema – twee scenario’s ............................................................................................................................................ 7
3.2 kenmerken van het vooronderzoek ............................................................................................................................. 8
3.3 kenmerken van het onderzoek ten gronde ................................................................................................................ 10
4. ACTOREN IN HET STRAFPROCES ................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 overzicht .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2 de verdachte .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.3 rechtstreeks belanghebbende ................................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 het slachtoffer ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 de bap en tussenkomende par;j ............................................................................................................................... 13
4.6 de poli;e .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.7 openbaar ministerie .................................................................................................................................................. 14
4.8 onderzoeksrechter ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.9 onderzoeksgerechten ................................................................................................................................................ 15
4.10 vonnisgerechten ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
4.11 strafuitvoeringsrechtbank ......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.12 jus;;eassistenten en -huizen .................................................................................................................................... 17
5. BELEIDSORGANEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.1 minister van jus;;e ................................................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 het college van procureurs-generaal ......................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 de procureur des konings .......................................................................................................................................... 17
5.4 raad van pdk’s = raad van arbeidsauditeurs ............................................................................................................. 17
EVEN RECAPITULEREN … ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
DEEL 1: DE RECHTEN VAN DE VERDEDIGING IN STRAFZAKEN ................................................................................................... 19
0. INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................................... 19
A) begrip en oorsprong ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
B) toepassingsgebied.......................................................................................................................................................... 19
1. OVERZICHT ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20
1.1 recht op toegang tot de rechter ................................................................................................................................ 20
1.2 het recht op een eerlijk proces .................................................................................................................................. 20
1.3 recht op een openbaar proces ................................................................................................................................... 21
1.4 behandeling zaak binnen een redelijke termijn ......................................................................................................... 21
1.5 recht niet gedwongen te worden tegen zichzelf te getuigen = verbod van zelfincrimina;e..................................... 22
1.6 vermoeden van onschuld (art 6.2 EVRM) .................................................................................................................. 23
1.7 het recht van verdeding (art 6.3 EVRM) .................................................................................................................... 24
1.8 weSelijke waarborgen bij beperkingen van bepaalde grondrechten (art 5 en 8) ..................................................... 26
DEEL 2: DE VORDERING DIE UIT HET MISDRIJF VOORTVLOEIEN ............................................................................................... 28
1. DE STRAFVORDERING ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
1.1 algemene beginselen................................................................................................................................................. 28
1.2 personen die de strafvordering uitoefenen ............................................................................................................... 28
1.3 wijze waarop de strafvordering wordt uitgeoefend .................................................................................................. 29
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, 1.4 personen tegen wie de strafvordering wordt uitgeoefend ........................................................................................ 34
1.5 prejudiciële vragen en geschillen .............................................................................................................................. 36
1.6 verval van de strafvordering ..................................................................................................................................... 36
2. DE BURGERLIJKE VORDERING ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 algemene beginselen................................................................................................................................................. 38
2.2 door wie en tegen wie? ............................................................................................................................................. 38
2.3 voorwerp van de burgerlijke vordering ..................................................................................................................... 39
2.4 hoe? ........................................................................................................................................................................... 39
2.5 verval van de burgerlijke vordering ........................................................................................................................... 40
2.6 gezag van strafrechtelijk gewijsde tav het burgerlijk gewijsde ................................................................................. 40
2.7 hulp slachtoffers opzeSelijke gewelddaden............................................................................................................... 41
DEEL 3: HET VOORONDERZOEK IN STRAFZAKEN ...................................................................................................................... 42
1. WIJZE WAAROP HET ONDERZOEK GEVOERD WORDT ......................................................................................................................... 42
1.1 opsporingsonderzoek en gerechtelijk onderzoek....................................................................................................... 42
1.2 wijzen waarop misdrijven ter kennis komen van de overheid ................................................................................... 42
1.3 wijze waarop misdrijven worden opgespoord en vastgesteld ................................................................................... 43
2. PERSONEN BELAST MET DE OPSPORING EN VASTSTELLING VAN MISDRIJVEN........................................................................................... 44
2.1 algemene beginselen -> zie HB .................................................................................................................................. 44
2.2 de leidinggevende magistraten ................................................................................................................................. 44
2.3 de poli;ediensten ...................................................................................................................................................... 46
3. HET OPSPORINGSONDERZOEK ..................................................................................................................................................... 46
3.1 begrip ........................................................................................................................................................................ 46
3.2 de heterdaadprocedure ............................................................................................................................................. 46
3.3 de proac;eve recherche ............................................................................................................................................ 47
3.4 de bijzondere opsporingsmethoden (bom) ................................................................................................................ 48
3.5 het ‘kaalpluk-onderzoek’ ........................................................................................................................................... 51
3.6 afslui;ng van het opsporingsonderzoek .................................................................................................................... 52
4. HET GERECHTELIJK ONDERZOEK ................................................................................................................................................... 53
4.1 begrip ........................................................................................................................................................................ 53
4.2 taakomschrijving van de onderzoeksrechter ............................................................................................................. 53
4.3 saisine van de onderzoeksrechter.............................................................................................................................. 53
4.4 verhoudign onderzoeksrechter/procureur des konings ............................................................................................. 54
4.5 rechten inverdenkinggestelde, bp en derde-beslagene ............................................................................................. 55
4.6 afslui;ng gerechtelijk onderzoek – regeling der rechtspleging ................................................................................. 57
4.7 controle door de KI .................................................................................................................................................... 59
5. DE ONDERZOEKSVERRICHTINGEN ................................................................................................................................................. 61
5.1 opnemen van klachten en aangi]en ......................................................................................................................... 61
5.2 iden;teitscontroles en gegevensbestanden .............................................................................................................. 61
5.3 plaatsbezoek ............................................................................................................................................................. 61
5.4 observa;e .................................................................................................................................................................. 61
5.5 ondervraging verdachte ............................................................................................................................................ 62
5.6 inverdenkingstelling van de verdachte ...................................................................................................................... 63
5.7 getuigenverhoor ........................................................................................................................................................ 64
5.8 inwinnen bankgegevens ............................................................................................................................................ 65
5.9 deskundigenonderzoek .............................................................................................................................................. 66
5.10 dna-onderzoek........................................................................................................................................................... 66
5.11 inobserva;estelling ................................................................................................................................................... 67
5.12 fouillering .................................................................................................................................................................. 67
5.13 onderzoek aan het lichaam ....................................................................................................................................... 67
5.14 huiszoeking ................................................................................................................................................................ 68
5.15 andere zoekingen ...................................................................................................................................................... 69
5.16 inkijkopera;e ............................................................................................................................................................. 69
5.17 inbeslagneming ......................................................................................................................................................... 69
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, 5.18 databeslag en netwerkzoeking.................................................................................................................................. 70
5.19 uitgestelde tussenkomst e.a. ..................................................................................................................................... 70
5.20 schending briefgeheim .............................................................................................................................................. 71
5.21 iden;fica;e van telefoonnummers en lokaliseren van telecommunica;e ................................................................ 71
5.22 afluisteren van privécommunica;e ........................................................................................................................... 71
5.23 bijzondere opsporingsmethoden ............................................................................................................................... 72
5.24 voorlopige maatregelen rechtspersonen................................................................................................................... 72
5.25 beknopt voorlich;ngsrapport en maatschappelijke enquête .................................................................................... 73
5.26 snelle bevriezing & onthulling van gegevens op verzoek van een derde staat .......................................................... 73
6. DE VOORLOPIGE HECHTENIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 74
6.1 algemene beginselen................................................................................................................................................. 74
6.2 arresta;e en bevel tot medebringing ........................................................................................................................ 74
6.3 aanhoudingsbevel en verbod van vrij verkeer ........................................................................................................... 75
6.4 opheffing van het aanhoudingsbevel ........................................................................................................................ 75
6.5 aanhoudingsbevel tav een in vrijheid gelaten of gestelde verdachte ........................................................................ 75
6.6 rechterlijk toezicht op de voorlopige hechtenis ......................................................................................................... 76
6.7 voorlopige hechtenis en verloop van de procedure ................................................................................................... 77
6.8 alterna;even voor de voorlopige hechtenis .............................................................................................................. 77
6.9 onwerkzame hechtenis .............................................................................................................................................. 78
DEEL 4: HET ONDERZOEK TER TERECHTZITTING ....................................................................................................................... 79
1. INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................................................................... 79
2. BEVOEGDHEID IN STRAFZAKEN .................................................................................................................................................... 79
2.1 algemene bevoegdheidsregels .................................................................................................................................. 79
2.2 bevoegdheidsconflicten ............................................................................................................................................. 80
3. SAISINE VONNISGERECHTEN........................................................................................................................................................ 80
3.1 hoe?..................................................................................................................................................................................... 80
3.1 omvang van de saisine .............................................................................................................................................. 80
3.2 gevolgen van de saisine............................................................................................................................................. 81
4. RECHTSPLEGING VONNISGERECHTEN (NIET ASSISEN!!) ..................................................................................................................... 81
4.1 verschijning der par;jen ............................................................................................................................................ 81
4.2 voorlezing van de pv’s door de griffier....................................................................................................................... 81
4.3 het eigenlijke onderzoek ter terechtzidng ................................................................................................................ 81
4.4 eis van de burgerlijke par;j ....................................................................................................................................... 82
4.5 vordering van het openbaar ministerie ..................................................................................................................... 82
4.6 verdediging van de beklaagde .................................................................................................................................. 82
4.7 replieken .................................................................................................................................................................... 82
4.8 beraadslaging............................................................................................................................................................ 82
4.9 het vonnis (of arrest) ................................................................................................................................................. 83
4.10 suo ............................................................................................................................................................................. 83
5. BEWIJS IN STRAFZAKEN .............................................................................................................................................................. 84
5.1 inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 84
5.2 de bewijsvoering........................................................................................................................................................ 84
5.3 de bewijsmiddelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 84
5.4 mogelijke onregelma;gheden ................................................................................................................................... 85
5.5 sanc;e voor an;goon ................................................................................................................................................ 85
5.6 an;goon .................................................................................................................................................................... 86
5.7 bewijswaardering ...................................................................................................................................................... 86
6. RECHTSMIDDELEN .................................................................................................................................................................... 87
6.1 inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................... 87
6.2 verzet ......................................................................................................................................................................... 87
6.3 hoger beroep ............................................................................................................................................................. 89
6.4 voorziening in cassa;e .............................................................................................................................................. 90
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