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inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................1
onderscheid tussen goedaardige en kwaadaardige tumoren..............................................................................2
Meest voorkomende kankers in België.................................................................................................................2
ontstaan van kanker..................................................................................................................................................2
oorzakelijke of bevorderende factoren van kanker..................................................................................................3
afweer tegenover kanker..........................................................................................................................................3
groei en evolutie van kanker.....................................................................................................................................4
indeling van de kankers.............................................................................................................................................4
anatomische indeling............................................................................................................................................4
morfologische kenmerken....................................................................................................................................4
symptomen................................................................................................................................................................4
Diagnose....................................................................................................................................................................5
bloedonderzoek.....................................................................................................................................................5
Stoelgangonderzoek..............................................................................................................................................5
Urine – onderzoek.................................................................................................................................................5
Beeldvormende technieken..................................................................................................................................5
Endoscopie...........................................................................................................................................................5
Cytologisch onderzoek..........................................................................................................................................6
Biopsie...................................................................................................................................................................6
stagering of stadiëring...............................................................................................................................................6
TNM systeem.........................................................................................................................................................6
behandeling...............................................................................................................................................................6
heelkunde..............................................................................................................................................................7
radiotherapie.........................................................................................................................................................7
chemotherapie......................................................................................................................................................7
hormonale therapie..............................................................................................................................................7
immunotherapie....................................................................................................................................................8
targeted therapie..................................................................................................................................................8
kankerpreventie........................................................................................................................................................8
INLEIDING
, Tumor = gezwel, kan zowel maligne als benigne zijn
Spreken we over kanker (belangrijke doodsoorzaak in België) = maligne tumoren
ONDERSCHEID TUSSEN GOEDAARDIGE EN KWAADAARDIGE TUMOREN
Verschil goedaardige tumoren vs. kwaadaardige:
Goedaardige Kwaadaardige
Plaatselijke en langzame groei Snelle groei
Expansief (duwt omliggend weefsel weg) Infiltratie en invasie omliggend weefsel
Meestal goed omkapseld Geen kapsel
Geen metastasen Metastasen
Meestal geen invloed algemene toestand Achteruitgang algemene toestand
Geen dodelijke afloop (tenzij ongunstige ligging) Dodelijk indien onbehandeld
Cellen lijken op oorspronkelijk weefsel van ontstaan Cellen wijken af van oorspronkelijk celtype
Multi hit model (meerdere opeenvolgende mutaties, één is niet genoeg)
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