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Week 4 / How to think the in-
between of humans and non-
humans?
LECTURE
Key concepts:
(Historical) Change
(Human) Labour
Culture / Nature
Technology
Identity
Karl Marx
Communist Manifesto 1848 (with Engels)
Capital 1867
He was born in Germany, moved to Belgium and then England
In England he discovered that society was changing quickly
Clash of premodern and modern world
Week 4 / How to think the in-between of humans and non-humans? 1
, Historical Materialism
The Marxist “mode of thinking”
Marxism = Philosophy of historical change
How is capitalism changing society & the world?
Marx wants a philosophy that explains the world that is down here
And this world is changing — that is why it is different from the world up
above that Plato imagines
“The general conclusion at which I arrived and which, once
reached, became the guiding principle of my studies can be
summarised as follows…”
“In any society, humans “inevitably enter into concrete
relations, which are independent of their will, namely
relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the
development of their material forces of production. The
totality of these relations of production constitutes the
Week 4 / How to think the in-between of humans and non-humans? 2
Week 4 / How to think the in-
between of humans and non-
humans?
LECTURE
Key concepts:
(Historical) Change
(Human) Labour
Culture / Nature
Technology
Identity
Karl Marx
Communist Manifesto 1848 (with Engels)
Capital 1867
He was born in Germany, moved to Belgium and then England
In England he discovered that society was changing quickly
Clash of premodern and modern world
Week 4 / How to think the in-between of humans and non-humans? 1
, Historical Materialism
The Marxist “mode of thinking”
Marxism = Philosophy of historical change
How is capitalism changing society & the world?
Marx wants a philosophy that explains the world that is down here
And this world is changing — that is why it is different from the world up
above that Plato imagines
“The general conclusion at which I arrived and which, once
reached, became the guiding principle of my studies can be
summarised as follows…”
“In any society, humans “inevitably enter into concrete
relations, which are independent of their will, namely
relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the
development of their material forces of production. The
totality of these relations of production constitutes the
Week 4 / How to think the in-between of humans and non-humans? 2
