The Human Body in Health and Disease CH 3 Questions And Answers

cells - ANS human cells vary considerably in size and are notably in shape and are all microscopic. cytoplasm - ANS internal living material substance found only in cells and all cells contain cytoplasm. internal cell fluid and numerous organelles. cytoskeleton or skeleton - ANS thin threadlike filaments framework called microfilament provided and supports movement. organelles - ANS are specialized structures that make up and are found within the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane - ANS serves as the outer boundary of the cell. markers the identify of a particular cell and serves as receptor molecules for certain hormones and has two layers that have a thin phospholipids containing proteins. ribosomes or proteins factories - ANS is a tiny particle made up of rRNA subunits found throughout the cells. lie in the cytoplasm and attach to rough endoplasmic reticulum and make enzymes and protein. endoplasmic reticulum or ER - ANS system that form network of connecting sacs and canals, carry substances through fluid cytoplasm and consists of the rough and smooth ER rough ER - ANS collect, fold and transport proteins made by the ribosome. The attachment of proteins to texture gives it the name rough. smooth ER - ANS synthesized chemical, makes new membrane, and manufactures carbohydrates and proteins. The lack of attachment of protein gives it a smooth name. golgi apparatus or chemical processing and packing center. - ANS consists of tiny flattened sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus. collect chemicals into vesicles that move smooth ER toward the plasma membrane and produce mucus. vesicles - ANS little sacs that carry proteins and other compounds to the golgi apparatus . mitochondria or the powerhouse of the cells - ANS composed of inner and outer membranous sacs, involved with energy releasing enzymes or chemical reaction and contain one DNA molecule. mitochondria or power plants - ANS help break down products of glucose and other nutrients to release energy. This energy is used to recharge ATP, adenosine triphosphate. ATP adenosine triphosphate - ANS is the molecule or battery that is required for cellular work. This process is called cellular respiration. Lysosomes - ANS are membranous walled organelles that are in their active stage. a bubble of hydrolysis enzymes encased by membrane, call's digestive bag, breaks apart large molecules and protects cells. centrosome - ANS is a region of cytoplasm near the nucleus of each s as the microtubule organizing center of the cell. centrioles - ANS are paired organelles found within the centrosome near the nucleus and function in cell reproduction. cells extensions - ANS cells have various indentation and extensions that serve many different functions. Microvilli - ANS small fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and its ability to absorb nutrients substances. cilia - ANS fine hair-like extension on or exposed surface of some cell. it is larger than microvilli, found in groups and are capable of moving in unison in a wavelike fashion. deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA - ANS genetic material often described as the chemical cook book or the body, because it contain the code for building both structural proteins and function, such as gender, hair and skin color. flagellum or tail of male sperm cell - ANS is a single projection extending from the cell surface and is much larger than cilia. propel a cell through its fluid environment. nucleus, double membrane, spherical envelope containing DNA strands. - ANS DNA the genetic code instruction for making proteins,which in turn determine cell structures and function such as transport, metabolism, growth and heredity.