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applied science - unit 17 C and D - micro biology - Distinction
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this is documented contain unit 17 C and D . they were graded distinction by my teachers
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MicrobiologyThe use of inhibitor on microorganism growth
Growth inhibitors, also known as chemotherapeutic control is the selective use of agent or practice
that is intended to stop or kill the growth of microorganism. that prevent unwanted microbial
contamination, spoilage, decomposition and transmission of disease.
There are two types of growth inhibitor;
Physical agent:
Filtration
Radiation
Osmotic pressure
Desiccation
Temperature
Sterilization
Chemical agent;
Disinfection
Antiseptic
Antibiotic
Preservation
Chemotherapeutic agents
Antibiotics: they are any chemical of natural origin which has an affect to kill or inhibit the growth of
micro-organism inside the body.
chemical class examples Biological source Effective Mode of
against action
Beta-tectum Penicillin G, Penicillium notatum Gram Inhibits steps
(penicillin and And cephalosporium positive in cell wall
cephalosporins cephalothin synthesis and
murein
assembly
Semisynthetic Ampicillin, penicillin Gram Inhibits steps
penicillin amoxicillin positive in cell wall
and synthesis and
negative murein
assembly
Clavulanic acid Clavamox Streptomyces Gram Suicide
(is a combination of Clavuligerus positive inhibitor beta-
clavulanic acid and and lactamases
amoxicillin) negative
monobactams Chromobacter Gram Inhibits steps
Aztreonam Violaceus positive in cell wall
and synthesis and
negative murein
assembly
aminoglosides Streptomycin Streptomyces griseus Gram Inhibits
, positive translation
and (protein
negative synthesis )
Antiseptics: antiseptics is a microbe-killing growth inhibitor that is safe enough to be used the skin
and mucous membrane as not to destroy the cells but should not be taken internally
chemical action use
ethanol Denatures proteins and Antiseptic on skin
solubilise lipids
isopropanol Denatured proteins and Antiseptic on skin
solubilise lipid
Silver nitrate Precipitates proteins General antiseptic
Tincture of nitrate Inactivates proteins Antiseptic an skin
Phenolic compound Denatures proteins and Antiseptic on low
disrupts cell membrane concentration
Definition of the words below
Antiseptic: antiseptics is a microbe-killing growth inhibitor that is safe enough to be used the skin
and mucous membrane as not to destroy the cells but should not be taken internally.
Biocontainment: it is the practice and procedure used to prevent extremely pathogenic organism
(such as virus) from escaping into the environment through the use of isolation or biologically secure
cabinets or rooms.
Pathogenicity: it is the potential ability of a pathogen to cause disease or damage to the host
Good microbiological technique: they are method used to study microbes without getting the
organism from contaminating the work or the environment
Biosafety levels: biosafety levels are safety procedures usually needed in a laboratory that is used to
isolate harmful biological agents to prevent hurting the public, environment and workers
Autoclave: it is an equipment or apparatus used to create special condition(extremely high or cold
pressure or temperature ) that can be used for variety of application
Virkon: it is a multi-purpose disinfectant typically used for a variety of things such as hazardous
spills, disinfecting surfaces and soaking equipment.
Decontamination: it is the process where dangerous substance, radioactivity or microorganism are
removed from a contaminated object or surface
Microbiological risk assessment: it is the process of accessing the health risk associated with
biological hazards
, Risk group biosafety Laboratory type Laboratory Safety
practice equipment’s
1 Basic- biosafety Basic teaching GTM None; open
level 1 research bench work
2 Basic-biosafety Primary health GTM, protective Open bench plus
level 2 service; diagnosis clothing, BSc for potential
service; research biohazard sign aerosols
3 Contaminant Special diagnosis As level 2 plus BSc and/or
biosafety level 3 service; research special clothing, primary device
controlled for all activity
access,
directional
airflow
4 Maximum Dangerous As level 3 plus Class III BSc or
containment pathogen units air lock entry, positive pressure
biosafety level 3 shower exit, suits in
special waste conjunction with
disposal class II BSc
double-end auto
clave( through
the wall),
filtered air
What is risk assessment?
It is the careful examination of what could harm people during a scientific investigation
What are hazards?
A hazard is substances or equipment that can pose a threat to the health of living organism.
What are risk?
It is a process used to identify hazardous character of an organism that could expose harm or
contract disease to the investigator
Give examples of Hazards and their associated Risks in your college Lab.
Hazard risk
Bunsen burner the Bunsen burn your hand or might caught something on fire
Bags or object lays bags or objects on the floor could lead to trips or fall
What is a control method when completing a risk assessment?
There are precaution put in place to protect individuals from risk and hazards that exist within a
work place
Hazard Risk Control Measure Emergency Action
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