KETTERING FLASHCARDS (NBRC) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A+
What are the 4 critical life functions in order of priority?
Ventilation, oxygenation, circulation, and perfusion
Ventilation is assessed through?
Respiratory Rate, tidal volume, chest movement, breath sound...
What are the 4 critical life functions in order of priority?
Ventilation, oxygenation, circulation, and perfusion
Ventilation is assessed through?
Respiratory Rate, tidal volume, chest movement, breath sounds, PaCO2, and EtCO2
Oxygenation is assessed through?
Heart Rate, color, sensorium, PaO2 and SpO2
Perfusion is assessed through?
blood pressure, sensorium, temperature, urine output, and hemodynamics
Circulation is assessed through?
Heart rate, strength, and cardiac output
Pack years=
number of pack per day * number of years
Physical examination consist of?
Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
DNI allows for _____ ventilation?
Non-invasive
Normal urine output is?
40 mL/hr "minimum"
Sensible water loss?
Water loss that can be measured.
Sensible water loss occurs through?
Vomiting and urine
Insensible water loss occurs through?
The lungs and skin
Insensible water loss is define as?
,Water loss that cannot be measured
If fluid intake exceed output it could result in?
weight gain, electrolyte imbalance, increased hemodynamics pressures, and decreased
lung compliance.
CVP stand for?
Central venous pressure.
normal CVP is between?
2-6 mmHg
CVP less than 2 mmHg indicates?
Hypovolemia
_________ is recommended for patient with hypovolemia.
Fluid therapy
CVP > 6mmHg indicates?
Hypervolemia
________ is recommended for patients with hypervolemia.
diuretics
Normal LOC is described as?
alert and responsive
Lethargic, somnolent, or sleepy is associated with?
sleep apnea or excessive O2 therapy for COPD patients
Stuporous, confused is associated with?
drug over dose or intoxication
A patient who responded inappropriately may be described as?
Stuporous or confused
Patients who are in a drowsy state, and may have a decreased cough or gag
reflex may be described as?
Obtunded
A patient who is ______ can still responded to pain stimuli?
Semi comatose
__________ cannot respond to pain stimuli?
Comatose
,A patient with an emotional state of euphoria is associated with?
drug overdose
A patient with an emotional state of Panic is associated with?
severe hypoxemia, tension pneumothorax, status asthmatics
ADL or activities of daily living are defined as?
basic task of everyday life
ADL is evaluated using ______ scoring system?
Katz
Orthopnea is defined as?
Difficulty breathing while lying down
Orthopnea is associated with?
CHF
General Malaise is defined as?
feeling of nausea, weakness, fatigue, or headache
General Malaise is associated with?
electrolyte imbalance
Dyspnea is defined as?
a feeling of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Grade 1 dyspnea is defined as?
dyspnea after unusual exertion
Grade 2 dyspnea is defined as?
dyspnea after going up hills or stairs
Grade 3 dyspnea is defined as?
dyspnea while walking at normal speed
Grade 4 dyspnea is defined as?
dyspnea slowly walking short distances
Grade 5 dyspnea is defined as?
dyspnea while at rest, shaving, dressing, etc.
Pain can cause what physiological changes?
Increase in blood pressure and heart rate
dysphagia is defined as?
, difficulty swallowing and hoarseness
Edema is defined as?
the presence of excessive fluid in the tissue known as pitting edema
Where is peripheral edema most commonly found?
first the ankles and then the arms
Edema is associated with?
Renal failure and CHF
It is recommended to provide ________ therapy for patient with edema.
diuretic
Ascites is defined as?
accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Ascites is associated with?
liver failure
Clubbing of the finger is caused by?
chronic hypoxemia
The presence of digital clubbing suggest presence of?
pulmonary disease
Increased angle of the nail bed and skin increase is known as?
Digital clubbing
Venous distention occurs with?
CHF
Commonly seen in patients with?
obstructive lung disease
Venous distention is also referred to as?
increased venous distention or jugular venous distention (JVD)
Capillary refill occurs in _____ seconds?
3 seconds
Capillary refill indicates?
peripheral circulation
Diaphoresis is defined as?
profuse or heavy sweating
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