Exam (elaborations)
MicroBio exam 3.
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Exam of 18 pages for the course Healthcare Finance MHA 706 at Healthcare Finance MHA 706 (MicroBio exam 3.)
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MicroBio exam 3Symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-a close, prolonged association between 2 or
more different biological species. "to live together"
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER-A relationship between two species in which
both species benefit.
example: bacteria in a human colony
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER-A relationship between two organisms in
which one organism benefits and the other is neutral.
example; mites in human hair follicles
amensalism - CORRECT ANSWER-a relationship in which one organism is
harmed and the other is neutral
example: fungus secreting an antibiotic, inhibiting nearby bacteria
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER-A relationship between two organisms of
different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
example. tuberculosis bacteria in human lung
how are microbiota acquired in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWER-during
birth and soon after
axenic - CORRECT ANSWER-germ-free
in the utero, humans are - CORRECT ANSWER-axenic
Where do microbes colonize in the human body? - CORRECT
ANSWER-respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary and reproductive systems,
eyes and skin
most common site of entry for microbes in the human body? - CORRECT
ANSWER-the respiratory tract
,opportunistic pathogens - CORRECT ANSWER-normal microbiota that are
normally harmless but can cause disease under certain circumstances
resident microbiota - CORRECT ANSWER-remain apart of a person's normal
microbiota for the person's life
transient microbiota - CORRECT ANSWER-remain in the body for hours, days,
months, kept at bay by the person's immune system
what conditions provide opportunity for pathogens? - CORRECT ANSWER--
immune suppression (when the body lacks sufficient white blood cells or
antibodies)
- changes in the normal microbiota
- introduction of normal microbiota to an unusual site in the body (during surgery
for example)
what are reservoirs of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER-sites where pathogens
are maintained as a source of infection
three types of reservoirs: - CORRECT ANSWER-animal reservoirs, human
carriers, and nonliving reservoirs
Zoonosis - CORRECT ANSWER-An infectious disease that is transmissible from
animal hosts to humans hosts
animal reservoirs - CORRECT ANSWER-zoonoses are diseases transmitted
from animals to humans
human carriers - CORRECT ANSWER-Asymptomatic infected individuals can be
infective to others
Some individuals eventually develop illness while others never get sick
Healthy carriers may have defensive systems that protect them
example: (typhoid mary)
, nonliving reservoirs - CORRECT ANSWER-soil, water, food, feces. can be
difficult to eliminate
4 main portals of entry for microbes to move through the body - CORRECT
ANSWER-- skin
-mucous membranes
-placenta
-parenteral route: surgery, stepping on a nail
Spirochetes - CORRECT ANSWER-spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible
walls and are capable of movement
diseases causes by spirchetes - CORRECT ANSWER-- syphilis
-lyme disease
Basic structures of DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-- contains a double stranded
suger phosphate
- pentose sugar deoxyribose
-nitrogenous A, G, C, T bases
What is DNA? - CORRECT ANSWER-genetic material of all organisms and DNA
viruses
Basic structure of RNA - CORRECT ANSWER-- contains a single stranded sugar
phosphate
-pentose sugar ribose
nitrogenous A, G, C, U bases
what does RNA do? - CORRECT ANSWER--protein synthesis in all cells
-genetic material of all RNA viruses
how many chromosomes in bacteria? - CORRECT ANSWER-single (haploid)
copies of 1 or more
how many chromosomes in archaea? - CORRECT ANSWER-1 (haploid)
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