**Comprehensive Biology Notes: Biotechnology, Evolution, Health, and Diseases**
Unlock your academic potential with our meticulously crafted Biology notes, covering essential topics such as Biotechnology, Evolution, Health, and Diseases. These notes are designed to provide a deep understanding o...
Working of Restriction Enzymes
1. Each restriction endonuclease functions by inspecting the length of a DNA sequence.
2. Once it finds its specific recognition sequence, it will bind to the DNA and cut each of the two strands of the
double helix at specific points in their sugar phosphate backbones.
3. Some restriction enzymes like EcoRI cut the strand of DNA a little away from the centre of the palindrome
sites, but between the same two bases on the opposite strands. This leaves single stranded portions at the ends.
4. There are overhanging stretches called sticky ends or cohesive ends on each strand.
5. This stickiness of the ends facilitates the action of the enzyme DNA ligase.
6. Some restriction enzymes cut the strand of DNA in the centre of palindrome. Such ends are called blunt ends
or flush ends.
7. Restriction endonucleases are used in genetic engineering to form recombinant molecules of DNA (rDNA),
which are composed of DNA from different sources.
8. When cut by the same restriction enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments have the same kind of sticky ends
and these can be joined together using DNA ligases.
Essential Features of a Vector
1. Origin of Replication (ori): This is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when
linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells. An alien DNA is linked with the origin of
replication so that, this alien piece of DNA can replicate and multiply itself in the host organism. This can also
be called cloning of any template DNA.
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