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ONS Chemotherapy Administration Questions and answers
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ONS Chemotherapy Administration Questions and answers
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ONS Chemotherapy AdministrationQuestions and answers
What do alkylating chemotherapy drugs do? - ANSWER-Chemotherapy drugs
that are cell cycle nonspecific, so they exert their effects in all phases of the cell
cycle. They directly damage DNA to prevent cancer cells from reproducing. They
cause breaks in the DNA or cross-linking in a process called alkylation, which
causes the drug to interfere with DNA replication.
neoadjuvant therapy - ANSWER-a cancer treatment that precedes other primary
treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient
before surgery
adjuvant therapy - ANSWER-Treatment of disease with substances that assist or
enhance the action of primary treatment (i.e. surgery or radiation).
induction treatment of leukemia - ANSWER-This phase of chemotherapy
treatment (first phase of treatment) usually is initiated in the hospital because of
its potential for serious side effects and complications from the severe, intended
myelosuppression that ensues. The goal is to achieve a complete response.
consolidation treatment - ANSWER-This treatment is done to ensure the
treatment takes effect and decreases the chance of a recurrence. This treatment
is vital because leukemic cells that are not clinically apparent, as through a CBC
laboratory draw result or bone marrow biopsy evaluation, are almost always still
present to some small degree in the bone marrow.
myeloablation therapy - ANSWER-A process in which the bone marrow
purposely is obliterated through chemotherapy or radiation to prepare for
peripheral blood stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation.
Myeloablation often is used to treat blood (i.e., liquid) malignancies, such as
leukemia or lymphoma.
, reinduction therapy - ANSWER-This treatment is used when a patient who
successfully completed induction and consolidation, but relapses months later.
combination therapy - ANSWER-This therapy reduces the likelihood of drug
resistance because the different chemotherapy drugs have different mechanisms
of action.
Cancer cells usually are heterogeneous; therefore, the effect of different
mechanisms of action increases the amount of cancer cells killed at one time.
The efficiency seen by use of multiple chemotherapy agents within a regimen
provides a synergistic effect.
synergy - ANSWER-When one chemotherapy drug helps another one (given at
the same time) work better, such as with leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil when
treating colon cancer. Leucovorin increases the deadly effect that 5-fluorouracil
has on cancer cells; in other words, the cytotoxicity is potentiated.
complete response - ANSWER-No identifiable cancer presence through signs or
symptoms for at least one month or longer
partial response - ANSWER-The measurable tumor is reduced by 50% for at
least one month without the development of new tumors.
stable - ANSWER-The tumor is reduced in size by less than 50%, or less than a
25% increase in tumor growth occurs.
progressive disease - ANSWER-Tumor growth of more than 25% or development
of new cancer growth in the body
relapse or recurrence - ANSWER-New tumor growth after experiencing a
complete response
What are the three ways to measure a response to therapy? - ANSWER-surgical,
imaging and tumor marker tests
G phases chemotherapy specific goal(s) - ANSWER-prevent development of
elements necessary for mitosis.
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