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CONFIDENTIAL
Page 3 of 6
PED3701
October/November 2020
QUESTION 1
1.1 Read the following extract and answer the questions given below.
In the first five years of life an evolving experience occurs in the child's mind-body complex
which precedes action and influences what the child will do in a given situation. As the child
develops cognitively, emotionally, and physically, there is a growing ability to evaluate a
situation and anticipate the consequences of behaviour before choosing an action. One of the
most significant variables that will influence the outcome of the child's evolution is the child's
concept of self. The child who has either a negative sense of self, or is experiencing
uncertainty concerning personal worth, is more likely to respond inappropriately to life's
decisions. The child who holds a negative view of self is likely to project this element of
uncertainty concerning self onto the environment, thus provoking responses that, in effect,
reinforce this negative view of self. In contrast, the child who holds a positive view of self is
much more likely to project feelings or competence onto the environment, initiating
constructive actions and producing positive responses. It is in the early years that patterns for
life are most likely established. Though not unchangeable, modifications of these patterns or
attitudes towards self are not easily achieved.
(Taken from Gouws 2019)
1.1.1 Distinguish between self-concept and self-esteem as dynamic structures in
adolescents' development. (4)
1.1.2 As the self-concept differentiates, so does the self-esteem. Describe the
interaction between self-concept and self-esteem by referring to the importance
of both concepts. (6)
1.1.3 What advice would you give to a teacher to enhance the self-esteem of the
learners in his/her classroom? (10)
1.2 Teachers can have a positive influence on adolescents' personality development by
being aware of their behaviour towards their learners. How can you as a teacher
facilitate adolescents' personality development? (5)
(25)
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