Summary Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology A* revision notes for CIE A level Geography
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Course
Unit 1 - Core Geography
Institution
CIE
Book
Cambridge International AS and A Level Geography second edition
Thorough revision notes for the 'Hydrology and fluvial geomorphology' component of CIE AS core physical geography, with case study detail included at relevant points. The notes have been constructed by referencing Garrett Nagle and Paul Guinness' revision guide for the course, as well as class note...
Chapter 1 (excluding river flood case study at end of 1.4)
May 26, 2024
10
2023/2024
Summary
Subjects
revision
rivers
a level
drainage basin
hydrographs
discharge
precipitation
river landforms
river processes
erosion
hydraulic action
abrasion
cavitation
river transport
deposition
sediment
velocity
eva
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Hydrology
Drainage system notes:
- Amount of interception dependent on leaf size, time of
year, deciduous vs coniferous.
- Soil moisture increases with addition of organic matter
(leaf drop).
- Overland flow can occur on ground baked hard by a
drought, on steep ground, on frozen ground, on tarmac,
in areas of impermeable rock (e.g. granite), and where
ppt intensity > infiltration capacity (Hortonian OLF).
- Infiltration capacity is influenced by duration of rainfall,
antecedent soil moisture, soil porosity, vegetation
cover, raindrop size, and slope angle.
- Percolation is the subsequent downwards movement of
water through the soil to the bedrock after infiltration.
- Groundwater flow is beneath water table.
- Baseflow is year-round, slow flow of water that explains
why major rivers don’t dry up during long hot summers.
- Beneath the water table all pore spaces are full
(saturation).
- Recharge involves rising of the water table after a dry
spell (refilling of water in pores).
- Springs occur on saturated ground and involve
exfiltration.
, How storm hydrographs are affected by drainage basin
size/shape:
- LARGE drainage basin = higher discharge, but longer lag
time.
- LONG and THIN drainage basin = delayed response.
- CIRCULAR drainage basin = more rapid response.
- STEEP RELIEF = FLASHY response and higher peak
discharge as no/limited time for rainwater to infiltrate,
so rapid SRO likely.
- HIGH RAINFALL INTENSITY = FLASHY response as
precipitation intensity is greater than infiltration
capacity, so not all rain can be infiltrated, leading to
Hortonian OLF.
- WET PREVIOUS CONDITIONS = FLASHY response as pore
spaces full and ground is saturated, so no infiltration and
all SRO.
- HIGHLY URBANISED catchment = FLASHY response as
tarmac etc. is impermeable (leading to SRO) and storm
drains transfer water rapidly to rivers (high drainage
density).
- PPT IN FORM OF SNOW = DELAYED, then SUDDEN
response (water held in storage as snow, then melting
causes sudden SRO). Can cause flooding.
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