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Samenvatting Ontstaansmechanismen van ziekten derde bachelor biomedische wetenschappen KULeuven $17.52   Add to cart

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Samenvatting Ontstaansmechanismen van ziekten derde bachelor biomedische wetenschappen KULeuven

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak 'Ontstaansmechanismen van ziekten' in de derde bachelor biomedische wetenschappen aan de KULeuven. Het document is geschreven in 2024. Het omvat de 14 hoofdstukken gegeven door de 4 hoofd professoren (de onderwerpen gegeven door de gastprekers zitten er niet bij)...

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  • May 27, 2024
  • 271
  • 2023/2024
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INHOUD

Atherosclerose en ischemisch hartlijden ................................................................................................................ 2
Atherosclerose .................................................................................................................................................... 2
Plaque vorming ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Risicofactoren.................................................................................................................................................. 5
Cholesterol .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Arteriële hypertensie .................................................................................................................................. 7
Roken .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Diabetes mellitus....................................................................................................................................... 10
Obstructief Slaapapneu syndroom............................................................................................................ 13
Obesitas..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Samenvatting risicofactoren ..................................................................................................................... 14
Ischemisch hartlijden ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Acuut myocard infarct................................................................................................................................... 16
Incidentie .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Symptomen ............................................................................................................................................... 16
Anatomie kransslagaders .......................................................................................................................... 17
Diagnose.................................................................................................................................................... 17
Behandeling .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Complicaties .............................................................................................................................................. 22

,ATHEROSCLEROSE EN ISCHEMISCH HARTLIJDEN




 Kanker en hart- en vaatziekten zijn de twee meest voorkomende doodsoorzaken in België

• Plotse hartdood: verzamelnaam voor levensbedreigende ritmestoornissen door verschillende
oorzaken waaronder acuut hartinfarct
▪ ± 11.000 ➔ ± 30/dag waarvan ±26 door atherosclerose

ATHEROSCLEROSE

• Chronisch ziekteproces waarbij de wand van slagaders verdikt en verstijft door opstapeling van vetten,
ontstekingscellen, calcium,… Resulteert in progressieve vernauwing van het bloedvat.
 Synoniem = Slagaderverkalking (aderverkalking)

ARTERIE VS VENE




• Atherosclerose is een systeemziekte
▪ ±100.000 km slagaders in menselijk lichaam
▪ Atherosclerose kan voorkomen in ALLE slagaders
▪ Klachten = kritisch probleem!!

,• Progressief proces over > 10 jaar
• Lange tijd asymptomatisch
• Kan in de Westerse wereld al optreden vanaf 10 jarige leeftijd




Niet enkel cholesterol speelt een rol!!




Over de jaren heen is er
een sterke toename in 21-
30 jarigen in de Westerse
wereld.

, PLAQUE VORMING
• Accumulatie LDL (= ‘slechte cholesterol’) in de
intima
• Oxidatie van LDL (oxidatie trekt monocyten
aan)
• Monocyten migreren ➔ differentiëren tot
macrofagen
• Macrofagen fagocyteren geoxideerd LDL ➔
transformeren
• Schuimcellen initiëren een inflammatoire
cascade
• Apoptose van schuimcellen ➔ necrotische kern van vetten


STABIELE VS ONSTABIELE PLAQUES




Progressie doorheen de tijd




NORMAAL


KLACHTEN BIJ 80% VERNAUWING



ACUTE OCCLUSIE DOOR RUPTUUR

PLAQUE EN THROMBUS

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