HESI A2 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water
All life, and there...
HESI A2 BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Hierarchic Organizational system for nomenclature
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (Least)
"Keep Penguins Cool Or Find Good Shelter"
Scientific Method
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclusion
Water
All life, and therefore biology , occurs in water.
Properties of Water
2 Hydrogen bonds Covalently bonded to Oxygen.
Hydrogen Bonding between molecules.
- High specific heat
- Large bodies or water stabilize climates
- Strong cohesive and adhesive properties
- Water freezes forms a lattice crystal resulting in ice floating in water.
- Polarity of water allows it to act as a universal solvent.
- Water can be used to dissolve different solvents.
Carbohydrates
Long chains, or polymers of sugar. Most importantly form the backbone of DNA and RNA.
Saturated
Clogs arteries. NO DOUBLE BONDS in their hydrocarbon tail. SOLID @ room temperature.
Unsaturated
Double bond in their hydrocarbon tail. LIQUID at room temperature.
Phospholipids
Phosphate group (polar) soluble in water. Hydrocarbon tail of fatty acids is nonpolar and nonsoluble in water.
Ex. Cell Membrane
Steroids
Are lipids, which are precursors to hormones and drugs Proteins
They are Polymers of 20 molecules called Amino Acids. Enzymes are a type of protein, which catalyze different reactions or processes. LARGEST Biological Molecule
Cell
Fundamental unit of biology
Prokaryotic Cells
NO defined nucleus and NO membrane- bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells
Membrane-enclosed nucleus and series of membrane-bound organelles that carry out the functions of the cell as directed by the genetic information contained in the nucleus.
Nucleus
Contains DNA called Chromosomes.
Ribosomes
Are organelles that read the RNA produced in the nucleus and TRANSLATE the genetic instructions to produce PROTEINS.
Bound ribosomes
Are found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Free ribosomes
Are found in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Attached to the nucleur membrane and consists of two continuous parts.
Rough ER
Covered in RIBOSOMES and is responsible for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS and membrane production.
Smooth ER
NO ribosomes. It functions in the DETOXification and METABOLISM of multiple molecules.
Golgi Apparatus
Packaging, processing and shipping. "UPS"
Lysosomes
Intracellular DIGESTION. hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids.
Vacuoles
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Topscorer1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.50. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
