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Summary IBDP HL Biology - 2.2 Water Notes
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Providing a comprehensive summary of subsection 2.2 Water unit of the IBDP Biology course. Suitable for both HL and SL. All points of the syllabus covered.
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Water08
_
Molecular structure
I \
- H2O Hst Hst
- held by covalent bond ,
↳ Hz share electrons w/ oxygen
7
Hydrogen bonds
-
02 atom in water = 8- ( slightly negative )
↳ has 8 protons in nucleus = attracts more electrons
↳ more electronegative
-
Hz = 8-1 ( slightly positive )
↳ has 1 proton = electrons being attracted
since ◦
pp .
Charges
_
bonds attract
= can form hydrogen
-
weak interactions bet . H2O molecules
↳ responsible for H2O properties ( cohesion & adhesion )
-
forms bet .
Oz atom and Hz atom on a DIFFERENT molecule
-
Hz bonds = transitory
↳ Can form break and re -
form constantly
,
Polarity
-
covalent bonds bet .
H and O atoms have a
slight potential charge
Polar molecule
=
-
Charged regions can attract other polar / charged compounds
, Properties of water
cohesion - the force by which individual molecules stick together
↳ H2O = strongly cohesive
each H2O molecule bonded
Explanation tetrahedral
4 others in
/
to
arrangement
-
due to polarity and Hz bonds
-
although Hz bonds are weak
,
↑ no . Of bonds = ↑ strength of cohesive
forces
responsible for 1-120 forming a
spherical shape
↳ minimises area : volume
Importance to organisms
-
allows for ↑ Surface tension
↳ liquids can resist low tuts .
Of ext . force
↳ smaller organisms can move along surface
-
transpiration stream : H2O can travel in a continuous column
↳ upper parts of plant can receive H2O
adhesion -
ability to stick to other polar / Charged molecules
Explanation
-
due to polarity and Hz bonds
↳ ↑ no . of bonds = ↑ adhesive forces strength
- water sticks to other polar / Charged molecules
>
Importance to organisms
-
responsible for capillary action
↳ movement of H2O molecules ( and the substances dissolved in it) in
opposition of gravitational forces -
↳ H2O transported up stems via transpiration streams
-
xylem transport
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