Alina Furrer Gemeinschaftskunde Abitur Gesellschaft
Abitur Zusammenfassung Politische Systeme
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1. Grundlagen des politischen Systems............................................................................................... 3
1.1 Legitimation politischer Herrschaft ......................................................................................... 3
1.2 Neuzeitliche Vertragstheorien zur Legitimation politischer Herrschaft ................................. 3
1.2.1 Staatstheorie nach Thomas Hobbes (16. Jhd.) ................................................................ 3
1.2.2 Repräsentationstheorie nach John Locke (17. Jhd.) ........................................................ 3
1.2.3 Identitätstheorie nach Jean-Jacques Rousseau (18. Jhd.) ............................................... 3
1.3 Formen der Legitimation und neuere Demokratietheorien ................................................... 3
1.4 Formen politischer Herrschaftsordnung ................................................................................. 4
1.5 Wichtige Demokratiemodelle ................................................................................................. 4
1.5.1 Parlamentarische vs. Präsidentielle Demokratie ............................................................ 4
1.5.2 Plebiszitäre vs. Repräsentative Demokratie .................................................................... 4
1.5.3 Konkurrenz- vs. Konkordanzdemokratie ......................................................................... 4
1.6 Herrschaftsformen im Vergleich ............................................................................................. 4
1.6.1 Totalitäre Systeme........................................................................................................... 4
1.6.2 Autoritäre Systeme.......................................................................................................... 4
1.6.3 Demokratie ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Zusammenhang von politischer Ordnung und Wirtschaftsordnung ....................................... 5
1.8 Staatsstrukturprinzipien .......................................................................................................... 5
1.8.1 Offene Staatlichkeit ......................................................................................................... 5
2. Politische Teilhabe........................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Wahlsysteme ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Wahlrechtsgrundsätze..................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Wahlsystem des dt. Bundestags...................................................................................... 6
2.1.3 Charakteristika des deutschen Regierungssystems ........................................................ 6
2.1.4 Präsidentielles Regierungssystem der USA ..................................................................... 6
2.1.5 Direkte Demokratie in der Schweiz ................................................................................. 6
2.2 Theorien des Wahlverhaltens ................................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 Gründe des Nichtwählens ............................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Folgen geringer Wahlbeteiligung .................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Zusammenhang von sozialem Status und Partizipation.................................................. 6
2.3 Bedeutung der Medien für politische Teilhabe....................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Chancen von Medien in der Politik ................................................................................. 7
2.3.2 Risiken von Medien in der Politik .................................................................................... 7
, Alina Furrer Gemeinschaftskunde Abitur Gesellschaft
2.4 Parteien ................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Funktionen von Parteien ................................................................................................. 7
2.4.2 Parteitypen ...................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.3 Kritik an Parteien ............................................................................................................. 8
2.4.4 Parteiensystem ................................................................................................................ 8
2.5 Partizipation ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.5.1 Erweiterte Partizipationsmöglichkeiten .......................................................................... 8
3. Gesetzgebung und Regierung ......................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Bundestag ................................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 Bundesregierung ..................................................................................................................... 9
3.3 Bundesrat .............................................................................................................................. 10
3.4 Gewaltenteilung .................................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Gesetzgebung ........................................................................................................................ 10
3.5.1 Behandlung und Verabschiedung im Bundestag .......................................................... 10
3.5.2 Rolle des Bundesrats ..................................................................................................... 10
3.6 Bundesverfassungsgericht..................................................................................................... 10
3.7 Europäischer Gerichtshof ...................................................................................................... 11
3.8 Europäisches Parlament ........................................................................................................ 11
3.8.1 EU-Normen .................................................................................................................... 11
3.8.2 Richtlinien und Verordnungen ...................................................................................... 11
3.9 Pluralismustheorie................................................................................................................. 11
3.10 Interessenverbände............................................................................................................... 12
4. Kontrolle politischer Herrschaft .................................................................................................... 12
4.1 Parlamentarische Kontrollrechte .......................................................................................... 12
4.2 Formen von Gewaltenverschränkung in Deutschland .......................................................... 13
4.3 Kontrollfunktion auf EU-Ebene ............................................................................................. 13
4.4 Aufgaben des EuGH ............................................................................................................... 13
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