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Samenvatting - Recht en deontologie
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Deze samenvatting van recht en deontologie bestaat uit mijn lesnotities en wat er te vinden is op de Canvas-cursus.
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RECHT EN DEONTOLOGIEAcademiejaar 2023-2024
Samenvatting
Heel veel succes aan iedereen die moet strijden voor dit vak, jullie kunnen het!!!
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Wat is recht? .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Objectief en subjectief recht ................................................................................................................................. 6
Objectief recht .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Subjectief recht ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Privaat en publiek recht ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Privaat recht ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Publiek recht ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nationaal en internationaal recht ........................................................................................................................ 8
Nationaal recht ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Internationaal recht .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Nieuw Strafwetboek ............................................................................................................................................. 9
De 8 strafniveaus van het nieuwe Strafwetboek ............................................................................................. 9
Seksueel strafrecht ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Voor welke feiten zijn er nieuwe of zwaardere straffen? .............................................................................. 10
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 10
Bronnen van recht .................................................................................................................................... 11
De trias politica ................................................................................................................................................... 11
De staatsstructuur .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Gemeenschappen ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Gewesten ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Rechtsregels voor heel België ............................................................................................................................. 13
De grondwet ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Een wet ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Een koninklijk besluit (KB) .............................................................................................................................. 13
Een ministerieel besluit (MB) ......................................................................................................................... 14
Rechtsregels voor regio’s .................................................................................................................................... 14
Decreten ......................................................................................................................................................... 14
Ordonnanties .................................................................................................................................................. 14
Verordeningen ................................................................................................................................................ 15
Besluit van een gewest- of gemeenschapsregering ....................................................................................... 15
Internationale bronnen ....................................................................................................................................... 15
Verdragen en internationale organisaties ...................................................................................................... 15
Andere bronnen .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Rechtspraak en algemene rechtsbeginselen .................................................................................................. 15
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Hoven en rechtbanken.............................................................................................................................. 16
Rechtbanken ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
De vrederechter .............................................................................................................................................. 16
De politierechtbank ........................................................................................................................................ 16
De rechtbank van eerste aanleg ..................................................................................................................... 16
1
, Arbeidsrechtbank ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Ondernemingsrechtbank ................................................................................................................................ 18
Hoven .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Hof van beroep ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Het arbeidshof ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Het hof van assisen ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Het Hof van Cassatie ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Merk op........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Verloop zitting correctionele rechtbank ........................................................................................................ 21
Verloop assisenzaak........................................................................................................................................ 21
Video “Als journalist werken in de rechtbank” ................................................................................................... 22
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 23
Het parket ................................................................................................................................................ 24
Openbaar ministerie ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Structuur ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Taken & opdrachten ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Taken en opdrachten federaal parket ............................................................................................................ 26
Taken en opdrachten nationaal parket voor verkeersveiligheid ................................................................... 26
Over aanhoudingen ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Verslaggeving over de onderzoeksfase .............................................................................................................. 27
Justitie vs journalistiek.................................................................................................................................... 27
Wat zegt het europees hof voor de rechten van de mens (EHRM) ............................................................... 27
Deontologische code van 2010 ...................................................................................................................... 27
Inzagerecht – belangrijk begrip ...................................................................................................................... 28
Video “Als journalist werken met het parket” .................................................................................................... 28
Audio “Als parketmagistraat werken met journalisten” .................................................................................... 29
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Vlaamse justitie........................................................................................................................................ 31
Video interview met Stefan Sottiaux .................................................................................................................. 31
Hoe werkt justitie vandaag? ........................................................................................................................... 31
Waarom splitsen? ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Argumenten tegen splitsen ............................................................................................................................ 31
Is het splitsbaar? ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 32
Andere gerechtshoven.............................................................................................................................. 33
Raad van State .................................................................................................................................................... 33
Structuur ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Raad voor vergunningsbetwistingen .................................................................................................................. 35
Grondwettelijk hof .............................................................................................................................................. 35
Bevoegdheidsconflicten ................................................................................................................................. 35
Toetsing aan de Grondwet ............................................................................................................................. 35
2
, Rekenhof ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
Controle .......................................................................................................................................................... 36
Mandatenlijsten.............................................................................................................................................. 36
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 36
Wetten en recht in Europa ........................................................................................................................ 37
Totstandkoming EU-wetgeving .......................................................................................................................... 37
Politieke instellingen....................................................................................................................................... 37
Bevoegdheden ................................................................................................................................................ 38
Primaire en secundaire wetgeving ................................................................................................................. 38
Handhaving EU-wetgeving ................................................................................................................................. 40
Europees gerecht & Europees Hof van Justitie .............................................................................................. 40
Europees parket/openbaar ministerie ........................................................................................................... 40
Vier vrijheden ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
Vrij verkeer van personen, goederen, diensten en kapitaal .......................................................................... 41
Grondrechten in de Unie ..................................................................................................................................... 41
Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie .................................................................................. 41
DSA, DMA, AI Act en European Media Act ......................................................................................................... 42
DSA.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
DMA ................................................................................................................................................................ 42
AI Act ............................................................................................................................................................... 42
European Media Act ....................................................................................................................................... 43
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 43
Andere internationale rechtscolleges ........................................................................................................ 44
Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens ...................................................................................................... 44
Raad van Europa ............................................................................................................................................. 44
Europees Verdrag tot Bescherming van de Mens en de Fundamentele vrijheden (EVRM) .......................... 44
Europees hof voor de rechten van de mens (EHRM) ..................................................................................... 44
Internationaal gerechtshof ................................................................................................................................. 45
Internationaal strafhof ....................................................................................................................................... 45
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 45
Auteursrecht ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Wettelijk kader ................................................................................................................................................... 46
Enkele principes .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Wie is auteur? ................................................................................................................................................. 46
Wat wordt beschermd? .................................................................................................................................. 46
Vermogensrecht.................................................................................................................................................. 47
Kan de auteur overdragen .............................................................................................................................. 47
Toegepast op journalistiek werk .................................................................................................................... 48
Morele rechten ................................................................................................................................................... 48
Kan de auteur niet overdragen....................................................................................................................... 48
Toegepast op journalistiek werk .................................................................................................................... 49
3
, Naburige rechten ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Voor wie? ........................................................................................................................................................ 49
Uitzonderingen ................................................................................................................................................... 50
Wanneer moet de auteur geen toestemming geven? ................................................................................... 50
Citaatrecht ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Portretrecht ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Ruimer toepassingsgebied.............................................................................................................................. 51
Copyleft en creative commons............................................................................................................................ 52
Copyleft ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
Creative commons .......................................................................................................................................... 52
AI en auteursrecht .............................................................................................................................................. 52
Audio over plagiaat en parodie .......................................................................................................................... 53
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 53
Gastles wobben........................................................................................................................................ 54
Gebruik van de WOB........................................................................................................................................... 54
Good practices .................................................................................................................................................... 55
Opbouw wetgeving ............................................................................................................................................. 55
Geschiedenis ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
Wijzigingen in wetgeving ................................................................................................................................ 56
Kostprijs .......................................................................................................................................................... 57
Uitzondering ................................................................................................................................................... 58
Gastles Kindwijzer; leidraad voor kinder- en jeugdjournalistiek .................................................................. 61
Nieuwswijze kinderen & kindwijze journalisten ................................................................................................. 61
Inleiding Kindwijzer ............................................................................................................................................. 61
Waarom een kindwijzer? ................................................................................................................................ 61
Voor wie is de Kindwijzer................................................................................................................................ 61
Wat biedt de kindwijzer? ................................................................................................................................ 62
Rechten en plichten van journalisten ........................................................................................................ 64
Persvrijheid ......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Grondwet artikel 19 ........................................................................................................................................ 64
Grondwet artikel 25 ........................................................................................................................................ 64
EVRM artikel 10 .............................................................................................................................................. 64
Strafrecht ............................................................................................................................................................ 65
Strafwetboek .................................................................................................................................................. 65
Grondwet artikel 150 ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Burgerlijk recht ................................................................................................................................................... 65
Burgerlijk wetboek.......................................................................................................................................... 65
Kort geding...................................................................................................................................................... 65
Recht tot antwoord ............................................................................................................................................. 66
Printmedia ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
4
, Audiovisuele media ........................................................................................................................................ 66
Bronnengeheim................................................................................................................................................... 66
Wettelijke bescherming.................................................................................................................................. 66
Inzagerecht ..................................................................................................................................................... 66
Openbaarheid van bestuur – Wobben................................................................................................................ 67
Grondwet artikel 32 ........................................................................................................................................ 67
Federale wet uit 1994 ..................................................................................................................................... 67
Vlaams bestuursdecreet uit 2018 ................................................................................................................... 67
EVRM artikel 10 .............................................................................................................................................. 67
GDPR ................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 68
Deontologie ............................................................................................................................................. 69
Code van de raad voor de journalistiek .............................................................................................................. 69
Uitgangspunt .................................................................................................................................................. 69
Beginselen code .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Vragen en klachten ............................................................................................................................................. 72
Wat te kennen .................................................................................................................................................... 72
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