Introduction to Psychiatry
Briefly describe the Mental Health Act (2007). - Answer-- Passed in 1983, amended in 2007.
- Allows for the compulsory admission of those who are mentally ill.
- In practical circumstances, HCPs will try and persuade pts to be admitted voluntarily, but in some circ...
Introduction to Psychiatry
Briefly describe the Mental Health Act (2007). - Answer-- Passed in 1983, amended
in 2007.
- Allows for the compulsory admission of those who are mentally ill.
- In practical circumstances, HCPs will try and persuade pts to be admitted
voluntarily, but in some circumstances they may be 'sectioned' to allow treatment
against their will.
- Most important sections are 2, 3, 4, 5 + 135 and 136.
Briefly describe the Mental Capacity Act (2005). - Answer-- Applies to everyone in
England and Wales over 16.
The following principles apply for the purposes of this Act.
- Must be assumed to have capacity unless lack of capacity is established
- A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision unless all practicable
steps to help them to do so have been taken without success
- A person is not to be treated as unable to make a decision merely because they
makes an unwise decision.
- An act done, or decision made, under this Act for or on behalf of a person who
lacks capacity must be done, or made, in their best interests.
- Before the act is done, or the decision is made, regard must be had to whether the
purpose for which it is needed can be as effectively achieved in a way that is less
restrictive of the person's rights and freedom of action.
What is rapid tranquillisation? - Answer-- The use of medication by the parenteral
route (usually IM, rarely IV) if oral medication not possible or appropriate and urgent
sedation with medication is needed.
What should be immediately available if restrictive interventions such as RT might be
used? - Answer-- Resuscitation equipment (defibrillator, bag valve mask, O2,
cannulas, IV fluids and first-line resuscitation medications)
- Equipment is to be maintained and checked every week
- Staff trained in immediate life support should be immediately available in case of an
emergency when restrictive interventions are used.
When should restrictive interventions be used? - Answer-- Only if de-escalation and
other preventative strategies such as p.r.n medication have failed and there is
potential for harm if no action is taken.
What ambitions does the NHS Long Term Plan (2019) have for mental health care? -
Answer-- Aims to improve mental health care in England, including a commitment to
increase funding by at least £2.3bn pa by 2023/34
According to WHO, what % of the world's children and adolescents have a mental
disorder? - Answer-- Around 50% of mental disorders begin before the age of 14.
, How is life expectancy affected by mental illness? - Answer-- WHO states that
people with severe mental disorders die 10-20 years earlier than the general
population.
Annually, how many people die by suicide? - Answer-- 800,000 (WHO)
How many countries have mental health policies and plans in place? - Answer-- 130,
however only half of these countries report aligning these with human rights
conventions.
How is the severity of mental illness determined generally? - Answer-- The functional
impact the symptoms have on the person, such as:
--> inability to work
--> inability to interact socially, or
--> inability to perform their normal routines.
How does WHO define mental health? - Answer-- A state of well-being in which
every individual realises their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of
life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their
community.
How is mental illness defined? - Answer-- An illness that causes disturbances in
thinking, perception and behaviour beyond those that might be experienced even in
an acutely distressed state
What are the major categories for mental and behavioural disorders in the ICD-11? -
Answer-- Schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders
- Mood disorders
- Anxiety or fear related disorders
- Obsessive compulsive disorders
What percentage of people with mental health problems in the UK are cared for
entirely in primary care? - Answer-- 90%
--> around 4% of people with mental health problems are in contact with secondary
care psychiatric services.
How does the Early Intervention Service (EIS) care for patients? - Answer-- Provide
care during their first episode of psychosis and for the following 3 years then
discharge patients back to primary care or long term CMHT
What are substance misuse, addiction and dual diagnosis services? - Answer--
Provide detoxification and substitute prescribing
- May also be provided by third sector or social care charities
- In clinical practice, people are usually only given a formal diagnosis of dual
diagnosis if they have severe mental health disorders (generally psychotic) and
severe substance misuse problems that meet the criteria for these specialist
services.
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