Sustainability politics: paradigms and debates (73220042FY)
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
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Sustainability politics: paradigms and debates (73220042FY)
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1: Hoofdpunt van deze gap Paradigma Kritiek op
Introduction
Allan 2011 Modernity: two projects
1. Technical project = science, kennis wordt gebruikt om -
universum te controleren middels technologie.
2. Social project = democratische staat, enige moderne
staatsvorm. Hoofdidentiteit in een moderne democratie is de
burger (was bij feodalisme het subject). → connectie
moderne kennis en burgerschap.
Technical project Social project
Knowledge: In general: nation state and
- Empirically grounded… state system to promote
- Universal laws… stability
- Enabling predictions More specifically:
Progress Institutions, enabling:
- Through interventions, - Development of knowledge
informed - Knowledge-based progress
by universal laws
- … with
predictable effects
- … enabling
control of nature (and
society) → cp
Sørensen & Christiansen
Giddens Gaat over development, development =
2009 1. Taking people out of poverty OF
2. Economic growth (hoger BBP). Onderontwikkelde landen hebben
een development imperative (= rijker worden heeft implicaties
voor sustainability) → daarom hebben ze GDP groei nodig.
, Wat is welvaart (welfare)? Giddens: Genuine Progress Indicator →
index van sustainable economische welfare, sustainable
society indicator
Sustainability = in tackling environmental problems, we are
looking for lasting solutions, not short-term fixes. We have to think
over the medium and the long term and develop strategies that
stretch over those time scales
Lintsen et - Sinds jaren ‘60: NL meer resources, jaren ‘70 meer gas.
al. 2018 Well-being vanaf jaren ‘60 achterblijft op GDP growth.
Plastic revolutie.
- Vanaf WOII: massconsumptie + productie + Fordism.
- Welvaartsstaat in NL kon alleen ontstaan door intensieve
exploitatie van natuurlijk kapitaal.
- Nederland veel natuurlijk kapitaal, basis van onze rijkdom.
1850’s problemen door industrialisatie, maar toen,
oplossingen:
- Drie dingen die de well-being en sustainability toen
verbeterde:
(1) liberalisatie van internationale handel (economische
groei),
(2) politieke revolutie en nieuwe grondwet van 1848
(geen autocratisch regime meer),
(3) maatschappelijk middenveld werd dynamischer →
meer ingenieurs etc.
Verzuiling, 1850-1900.
Hele veel mest en kunstmest.
Sorensen & First modernity
Christiansen - Central problem: how to realize social-economic
2013 progress
- Hand in hand with industrialization
,First modernity challenged → By range of factors, including its
success (e.g. individualization) and its unintended side-effects
Second modernity
- Central problem: how to maintain well-being while avoiding /
eliminating / mitigating side-effects?
- Disassociated from industrialization
Soort modernity Uitdagingen
- First modernity - Globalization =>
→ Central problem: how to changes in relation
realize social-economic local-global affairs
progress
→ Hand in hand with
industrialization
- Intensified
- First modernity individualization => new
challenged political Rights,
→ By range of factors, lifestyles
including its success (e.g. - Environmental crisis
individualization) and its
unintended side-effects
- Gender revolution
- Second modernity - Fulltime gainful
→ Central problem: how to employment under
maintain well-being while pressure
avoiding / eliminating /
mitigating side-effects?
Disassociated from
industrialization
, 2: Etilist
paradigm
Evans 1995 Etilist doctrine Klassiek Marx
= geschiedenis van politiek is de geschiedenis van elite dominantie elitisme &
& de natuur van elke maatschappij wordt bepaald door de natuur Democratic
van de elite. elitisme
Klassiek elitisme
= Concentratie van sociale macht is een kleine set van
controlerende elites is onvermijdelijk in elke maatschappij.
Pareto (classical)
→ Foxes and lions, sluiten elkaar uit, ideaal is balans.
Mosca (classical)
→ Hele geschiedenis is conflict tussen elites, political formula.
Michels (classical)
→ Iron law of oligarchy, oligarchy is uiteindelijk de uitkomst van
elke staatsvorm.
Democratic elitisme
= Democratie is een proces met focus op gedrag van elites. Het
volk kiest good government. Mensen zijn de producer of
government
Weber
→ Legt nadruk op bureaucratie (voorspelbaarheid) en politieke
partijen.
Schumpeter
→ Creatieve destructie, democracy as a method, competition
between leaders, there is no common will.
Modern elitisme
= representative perspective, na IR.
Power elite studies (Mills)
→ Elites halen hun macht uit leidende posities en strategische
hiërarchieën, closed policy networks. War economy. Three level
gradatie distributie van macht.
Held 2006 Competitive elitist democracy
(Weber) = selection of a skilled and imaginative political elite capable of Democratic
making necessary legislative and administrative decisions. elitism
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