Summary

Summary Food Toxicology TOX-30306

0 purchase

Course
Food Toxicology TOX-30306 (TOX30306)

Institution
Wageningen University (WUR)

GRADE: 8.5. This document is a summary of the course Food Toxicology (TOX-30306). It includes lectures 2 through 15. Please note that this summary was written during the 2023/2024 academic year, and the content may have changed since then. Therefore, consider these documents as supplementary suppor...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 73 pages

View example

Uploaded on May 28, 2024
Number of pages 73
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

risk assessment
biotransformation
carcinogens
oxidants
antioxidants
mixture toxicology
metals
pesticides
flavourings
nanoparticles
veterinary drugs

Institution
Wageningen University (WUR)
Education
MSc Food Safety
Course
Food Toxicology TOX-30306 (TOX30306)

fleurgreven

Member since 5 year 2 documents sold

$8.82

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

SUMMARY FOR FOOD TOXICOLOGY (TOX-30306)

Lecture 2: Risk Assessment

Basic principles of risk assessment

Key terms

 Risk assessment = the systematic scientific evaluation of potential adverse health effects
resulting from (human) exposure to hazardous agents or situations
 Dose-response relationship= Increased dose, is increased response, is increased adverse
health effect
 Hazard = potential danger of chemical or process
 Risk = probability that adverse effect will occur
 Risk = hazard + exposure

4 Steps of risk assessment

 1. Hazard identification
o Source of potential harm
o Intrinsic toxic properties of the (chemical) agent
 2. Hazard characterisation (dose-response)
o Some compounds are more hazardous than others, is defined by median effect dose,
how lower that dose he more hazardous the chemical is, because you need less of
the dose to see toxicity
o Dose-response helps to characterize he potency of chemicals
 3. Exposure assessment
o The process of estimating or measuring the magnitude, frequency and duration of
exposure to an agent, along with the number and characteristics of the population
exposed
o Ideally, it describes the sources, transport, routes and the uncertainties in the
assessment
o Assess applied dose
o Consider exposure continuum and associated modelling and measurement tools to
define applied dose

,  4. Risk characterisation
o Probability of an adverse outcome based upon the exposure and potency of (a)
hazardous agent(s)
 4.1 Risk management
o The process of identifying, evaluating, selecting and implementing scientifically
sound, cost-effective, integrated actions to reduce risk to human health and
ecosystems while taking into account social, cultural, ethical, economical, political
and legal considerations
 4.2 Risk communication

Risk management vs risk assessment

What is a hazardous agents?

 In toxicology focus on chemicals, but can also be biological or physical hazard

Regulatory Agencies Performing Risk Assessments

 European Medicines Agency
 European Food Safety Authority
 European Chemicals Agency

,Discriminate between 2 types of chemicals

1. Non-genotoxic chemicals
2. Genotoxic chemicals (chemicals causing DNA damage)

Type of risk assessment dependent on type

Risk assessment of non-genotoxic chemicals

Risk assessment non-genotoxic chemicals in food

 Non-genotoxic compounds have defined
threshold (safe level of exposure) e.g. receptor
inhibition
 Median effective dose (EC50) = for comparing
chemical potency
 Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)
= lowest tested dose at which adverse effect
was observed
 No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) =
Highest tested dose at which no adverse effect
was observed

Toxicity testing scheme

 Chemical characterization: What type of chemical is it?
 Literature review: What information is already there?
 Structure-Activity Assessment: What does the compound look like?
 (Sub)Acute Toxicity: Test exposing animals with an increasing (single) dose and observe what
happens
 Sub chronic Toxicity: give animal chemical at certain dose for 90 days, NOAEL and reference
dose established
 Chronic Toxicity: give animals compound for entire life time and see what happens
 Reproductive/ Teratology: Give chemical for entire life time and look at the reproductivity
 Oncogenicity: What potential is there for the chemical to produce tumour formation

, Choice of Dose-response relationship

Dose response relationship for target organ (i.e., most sensitive organ)
Which dose response to start with? Response at lowest dose, and most critical effect which is
clinically relevant.

Reference Dose (RfD) setting

 Establish causality that the chemical has in fact induced the observed effects
 Establish NOAEL, LOAEL (to ID point of departure, POD)
 Determine rate at which injury builds up: slope of dose response curve
 Apply uncertainty factors

Uncertainty Factors (UF) in RfD setting

 UF = Uncertainty/safety factors used to extrapolate from a group of test animals to an
average human and from average humans to potentially sensitive sub-populations
 RfD = NOAEL / / other UFs  quality of data type exposure

Toxicokinetics vs toxicodynamics

 Dynamics = What the chemical does to the body
 Kinetics = What the body does to the chemical  Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism,
Excretion

ADI vs TDI

 Reference doses determined by EFSA to indicate doses of chemical which we can safely be
exposed to daily
 ADI = Acceptable daily intake (voluntary exposure)
 TDI = Tolerable daily intake (involuntary exposure)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fleurgreven. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $8.82. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling

Summary

Summary Food Toxicology TOX-30306

Document information

Subjects

Written for

Seller

Reviews received

Content preview