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Hoorcolleges staatsrecht semester II
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Uitgebreid hoorcollege dictaat van semester II. Zie voor al het studiemateriaal wat je nodig hebt, de tentamenvoorbereidingsbundel!
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Hoorcolleges staatsrecht semester IIInhoudsopgave
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 14, vergelijkend staatsrecht: de staatsvorm........................................................................................ 4
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................................................................4
Staatsvorm.......................................................................................................................................................................................4
Algemeen.........................................................................................................................................................................................4
Staatsvorm BRD...............................................................................................................................................................................5
Verankering in het Grundgesetz (GG):.............................................................................................................................................6
Welke uitgangspunt geldt voor verdeling van bevoegdheden?......................................................................................................6
Hoe zijn de wetgevingsbevoegdheden verdeeld?............................................................................................................................6
Hoe zijn de bestuursbevoegdheden verdeeld?.................................................................................................................................7
Hoe zijn de bevoegdheden van rechtspraak verdeeld?....................................................................................................................8
Conclusie verdeling van bevoegdheden...........................................................................................................................................8
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 15, federalisme in de EU..................................................................................................................... 9
Kenmerken EU..................................................................................................................................................................................9
EU ambten met federale trekken:..................................................................................................................................................10
Versterking van bevoegdheden en uitbreiding werkterrein EU:....................................................................................................11
Duitse constitutionele hof..............................................................................................................................................................11
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 16, De Bondspresident BRD.............................................................................................................. 16
Staatshoofd....................................................................................................................................................................................16
Regeringssystemen........................................................................................................................................................................16
Bondspresident..................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Historische ontwikkeling: WRV 1919-1933....................................................................................................................................16
Grundgesetz 1949 – huidge model................................................................................................................................................17
Constitutionele rechtspositie..........................................................................................................................................................17
Bevoegdheden................................................................................................................................................................................17
Bevoegdheden (samenvatting)......................................................................................................................................................18
President van Frankrijk.......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Historische achtergrond.................................................................................................................................................................20
Uitgangspunten Vde Republiek:.....................................................................................................................................................20
Rechtspositie..................................................................................................................................................................................21
Bevoegdheden klassiek Franse model:..........................................................................................................................................21
Bevoegdheden alternatief model...................................................................................................................................................22
Bevoegdheden in concreto:............................................................................................................................................................22
Conclusie:.......................................................................................................................................................................................22
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 17, de president van de VS................................................................................................................ 23
Historische achtergrond.................................................................................................................................................................23
, Constitutionele positie algemeen:..................................................................................................................................................24
President VS: de verkiezingen........................................................................................................................................................24
Drie hoofdfuncties..........................................................................................................................................................................25
Chief legislator:..........................................................................................................................................................................25
Powers concerning administration of justice............................................................................................................................26
Chief Executive..........................................................................................................................................................................26
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 18, wetsprocedure............................................................................................................................ 29
Nederland kenmerken....................................................................................................................................................................29
Bondsrepubliek Duitsland (hoofdlijnen voldoende!)......................................................................................................................29
Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................................................................31
Verenigd Koninkrijk........................................................................................................................................................................32
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 19, wetsprocedure US Congress........................................................................................................ 34
Tweekamerstelsel...........................................................................................................................................................................34
Politieke verhoudingen...................................................................................................................................................................34
Indiening.........................................................................................................................................................................................35
Voorbereidend onderzoek..............................................................................................................................................................35
House of representatives: tussenfase 1.........................................................................................................................................36
US House of representatives: tussenfase 2....................................................................................................................................37
US Senate.......................................................................................................................................................................................37
Conference committee...................................................................................................................................................................38
Presentment Clause.......................................................................................................................................................................38
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 20, constitutionele verhoudingen binnen de Britse regering..............................................................38
Vooropmerkingen..........................................................................................................................................................................39
Bronnen van Brits staatsrecht........................................................................................................................................................39
Welke rechtsbronnen ten aanzien van de regering?................................................................................................................39
Positie regering in parlement.........................................................................................................................................................39
Ambten binnen de regering...........................................................................................................................................................40
Prime minister...........................................................................................................................................................................40
Cabinet & cabinet committees..................................................................................................................................................41
Ministers....................................................................................................................................................................................42
Verhoudingen binnen de regering.................................................................................................................................................42
Recente ontwikkelingen.................................................................................................................................................................43
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 21, constitutionele verhoudingen in de Duitse Bondsregering...........................................................44
Centrale vragen..............................................................................................................................................................................44
Historische ontwikkeling................................................................................................................................................................44
Bondskanselier...............................................................................................................................................................................45
Bondsministers...............................................................................................................................................................................47
Bondsregering................................................................................................................................................................................47
Richtlijnenbevoegdheid Bondskanselier.........................................................................................................................................48
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 22, gedragsregels voor leden van het parlement...............................................................................51
Gedragsregels in verschillende landen...........................................................................................................................................51
Algemeen...................................................................................................................................................................................51
1. Integriteitsissues NL...............................................................................................................................................................52
2. Gedragsregels Amerikaans Congres......................................................................................................................................53
, 3. Gedragsregels parlement UK.................................................................................................................................................53
4. Gedragsregels Europees Parlement......................................................................................................................................54
Formele en materiële grondslag gedragsregels............................................................................................................................54
Inhoud gedragsregels.....................................................................................................................................................................55
Handhaving gedragsregels............................................................................................................................................................56
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 23, regering-parlement..................................................................................................................... 57
Parlementaire stelsel:....................................................................................................................................................................57
Duitsland........................................................................................................................................................................................57
Vertrouwensregel......................................................................................................................................................................57
Parlementsontbinding...............................................................................................................................................................58
Wanneer is vertrouwensvraag gerechtvaardigd? Wanneer mag er worden ontbonden?.......................................................59
Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................................................................60
Vertrouwensregel......................................................................................................................................................................60
Europese unie.................................................................................................................................................................................61
Verenigd Koninkrijk........................................................................................................................................................................61
Vertrouwensregel......................................................................................................................................................................61
Ontbinding.................................................................................................................................................................................61
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 24, verhouding president congres VS................................................................................................ 62
Separation of Powers system US:...................................................................................................................................................62
Welke checks and balances............................................................................................................................................................62
Impeachment.................................................................................................................................................................................62
Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................63
Toepassing procedure...............................................................................................................................................................63
Verhouding president-congres VS..................................................................................................................................................66
Congressional Oversight............................................................................................................................................................66
Executive privilege.....................................................................................................................................................................66
Staatsrecht hoorcollege 25, constitutionele toetsing.............................................................................................................. 68
Duitsland........................................................................................................................................................................................68
Frankrijk.........................................................................................................................................................................................69
Verenigd in Verenigd Koninkrijk.....................................................................................................................................................70
, Staatsrecht hoorcollege 14, vergelijkend staatsrecht: de
staatsvorm
7 februari 2019
Inleiding
Thema’s
Staatsvorm
Staatshoofd
Regeringsstructuur
Parlement en tweekamerstelsel ( wordt integriteit van het parlement)
Parlement en wetgevingsprocedure
Verhouding regering-parlement
Rechterlijke organisatie/constitutionele toetsing
Gemeenschappelijke kenmerken
Uitgangspunten: machtenscheiding, rechtsstaat etc.
Regeringsstructuur
Vertegenwoordigend lichaam
Onafhankelijke rechter en toetsing
Verschillen:
Verschillende begrippen en verschillende constructies
Verschillende achtergronden
Vragen naar verschillen, voor en nadelen en je eigen mening
Staatsvorm
Welke zijn de wezenlijke kenmerken van het federalisme? Hoe zijn de bevoegdheden verdeeld in een
federale staat?
Algemeen
2 modellen: unitarisme en federalisme.
Unitarisme – eenheidsstaat/centraal gezag
Hier is Frankrijk het belangrijkste voorbeeld van. De staat is een en ondeelbaar (staat in de Franse
Grondwet). (Ook Nederland en Engeland).
- Een eenheidsstaat veronderstelt een sterke centrale overheid.
- De lagere overheden die er zijn, hebben geen exclusieve bevoegdheden.
De centrale overheid kan bevoegdheden wel overdragen.
- De centrale overheid houdt toezicht op de lagere overheden (goedkeuring, vernietiging
besluiten etc.). Autonomie is beperkt.
Federalisme - statenbond (zwak) (zoals de Europese Unie)
- Soevereine staten die samenwerken in een verdragsconstructie
- Er is een recht van afscheiding/excessie (de lidstaten kunnen uitstappen zoals het VK).
- Werking van regelgeving op federaal niveau naar de staten die deel uitmaken van de federatie.
Vaak geen juridische band tussen statenbondorganen en de burgers, dit loopt via de staat zelf.
Federalisme – federale staat of bondsstaat (sterk) (Duitsland, België, VS, Zwitserland)
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