A complete summarised group of documents complete for GCSE Physics AQA 9-1. To make these Summaries I used 3 sources: The CGP revision guide, My GCSE Science Videos and Free science lessons videos. I achieved an 8 in GCSE AQA Triple Physics.
P8 Space Physics
Life Cycle of Stars
Nebula
Cloud of dust and gas
Protostar
Force of gravity pulls the dust and gas together
Temperature rises as it gets denser and more particles collide
When temp gets high enough hydrogen, nuclei undergo nuclear fusion (P4)
The core of the star is kept hot by this and it goes into main sequence
Main sequence star
Inward force due to gravity is balanced to the outward force due to pressure
Higher temperature makes it expand
Lower temp makes it shrink
Red giant (our sun)
When the hydrogen fuel is used up, outward force due to fusion is less than the inward
force due to gravity
The star collapses inward and the temperature increases
Helium nuclei fuse together to make heavier elements
Star expands to create red giant
White Dwarf
Star stops fusing helium and shrinks
Most of its outer atmosphere will be lost and a small, hot white dwarf will remain
Black Dwarf
Star becomes black dwarf when white dwarf cools down
This doesn’t release any energy
Super red giant (even bigger)
Helium nuclei fuse together to produce even heavier elements (less heavy than iron)
Supernova
When red giant stops carrying out nuclear fusion there is a massive explosion
The temperature of this is high enough to produce elements heavier than iron
These elements are distributed throughout the universe
Neutron star
Neutrons densely packed together, hot
Small (diameter of 20km), rapid spinning
Black hole
The force of gravity is so strong even light can’t escape
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