Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) Indicates slight cellular abnormality, without clear cause (may be due to infection or cervical trauma, for example).
caused from HPV or infection
Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade (ASC-H) This result notes that there...
N582 EX 1 GYN PT PRACTICE QUESTION S WITH ANSWERS Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) ✅Indicates slight cellular abnormality, without clear cause (may be due to infection or cervical trauma, for example). caused from HPV or infection Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade (ASC -H) ✅This result notes that there are abnormal cells present that have some high -grade characteristics. An ASC -H Pap result is of higher severity than an ASCUS Pap. Low-grade squamous intrepithelial lesion (LSIL) ✅Indicates the effect of HPV, mild dysplasia, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) ✅Moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or CIN II, and CIN III an endometrial biopsy ✅When AGCs are identified in patients aged 35 and older and those younger than 35 with risk factors for endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) or endometrial cancer, they should also have ? Fibrocystic Breast Change ✅Multiple nodules, painful Pt at risk: age (30 -40), dietary intake (caffeine,chocolate, tea) Fibrocystic Breast Change ✅-exaggerated stromal response to hormones and growth factors. -typically presents as painful, sensitive, often multiple and bilateral breast masses -there can be rapid fluctuation in the size of the masses. postmenopausal women mass size increases during the premenstrual part of the cycle -pain is commonly worse then** ✅Fibrocystic changes are rare in ? Fibroadenoma ✅-one nodule, smoother borders, not painful -usually present from 15 -35 with 25 being the peak age of presentation -most common benign tumors of the breast. Fibroadenoma Lesions larger than 5 cm are termed giant fibroadenomas —> cystosarcoma phyllodes should be ruled out ✅-Benign tumors made up of both glandular breast tissue and stromal connective tissue -measure 1 to 3 cm -often solitary but can be multiple. Fibroadenoma ✅often palpated on physical examination as rubbery, round, well -
circumscribed, mobile, firm lesions that are nontender Malignant Breast Disease (breast cancer) ✅-One nodule, irregular borders, firm, immobile and NOT painful -Patients may present clinically with breast masses, skin change, nipple discharge, or symptoms of metastatic disease. Skin dimpling ✅can occur due to the tethering of Cooper ligaments from the mass underneath. peau d'orange ✅may occur due to dermal lymphatic invasion and blockage. Bloody ✅_________ nipple discharge should be evaluated to rule out invasive papillary carcinoma Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma ✅-Extremely aggressive malignancy -poorly differentiated tumor characterized by dermal lymphatic invasion. Symptoms include edema, erythema, warmth, and diffuse induration of the skin described as peau d'orange. 30 to 50 mL ✅The normal menstrual cycle consists of cyclic bleeding approximately every 28 days (normal range, 21 to 35 days), lasting 3 to 5 days with about ______ -
_______ of blood loss per cycle. Secondary dysmenorrhea ✅painful menses due to underlying pathology (endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervical stenosis). Menorrhagia ✅Heavy (>80 mL/cycle) or prolonged (>7 d) menstrual flow occurring at regular intervals Metrorrhagia ✅Any bleeding between normal menses, usually lighter than normal menstrual bleeding Menometrorrhagia ✅Heavy irregular bleeding Excessive or prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals
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