Class notes
unit 8 notes Physics Oxford IB Diploma Programme
- Course
- Institution
- Book
these include detailed notes of unit 8: energy production from the ibdp physics hl course
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Summary Oxford IB Diploma Programme
-
unit 12 notes Physics Oxford IB Diploma Programme
-
unit 11 notes Physics Oxford IB Diploma Programme
Seller
Follow
emmasofiaronco
Content preview
Energy productionEnergy: the ability to do work.
- Scalar
- Unit: J (joules)
- Law of conservation: in a closed system, total energy remains constant.
- Uses:
- Residential: heating, lighting, appliances
- Commercial: like residential but large scale
- Industrial: agriculture, mining, manufacturing, construction
- Transportation: passenger, freight, pipeline
Work: transfer, or transformation of energy
Energy types
1 2
1. Kinetic: 𝐸𝑘 = 2
𝑚𝑣
- Internal thermal energy: avg. molecular kinetic energy, measure via a
thermometer.
2. Potential: 𝐸𝑝 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ (i.e is related to position and/or internal stress of objects).
- Rotational energy
- Chemical energy: intermolecular energy released during chemical reactions.
- Nuclear energy: repulsive electrical potential energy released during:
- Fission: Neutrons are absorbed by large nuclei, which breaks apart. The
2
released energy is equal to the missing mass, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐
- Fusion: Light nuclei overcome their electrical repulsion and join together.
2
The released energy is equal to the missing mass, 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐
- Wave energy (both 𝐸𝑘 and 𝐸𝑝): energy is transferred by the wave disturbance of
the medium, without net transfer of matter.
- Electromagnetic energy: is in the form of EM radiation/waves, which consist of
perpendicularly coupled electric and magnetic fields. Can travel in vacuum.
- Electrical generator: a coil of wire rotates inside a magnetic field, resulting
in magnetic induction of current (as long as it moves).
, Energy Renewability & Sustainability
Renewability: rate and time-scale of energy creation VS rate and duration of consumption by
humans.
- Non renewable energy sources: are consumed faster than they can be replenished.
- Fossil fuels (e.g oil, coal, natural gas): were created by layered high-pressure
decay of plant materials during the carboniferous period.
- Nuclear Fission
- Renewable energy sources: are replaced through natural processes in the environment
in relevant human time frames.
- Nuclear Fusion
- Sunlight
- Wind
- Moving water (e.g tides, rivers, rains)
- Geothermal
Sustainability: using fuel at a rate that doesn’t exceed the limits of the resource itself.
Energy source types and efficiency
- Primary energy: is extracted and applied as found in nature, without being transformed
before (e.g wood, uranium, wind, tides, lakes, rivers).
- Primary energy source: is the input to systems that transform it into other energy forms,
thus they limit any subsequent conversions (e.g availability, costs, efficiency).
- Secondary energy source: has been transformed from a primary energy source.
Primary Energy type Energy Energy Conversion secondary
energy source name energy
Chemical Fossil fuels Oil Refinery Fuel for
potential vehicles
Chemical Fossil fuels coal/gas Fossil fuels Mechanical
Non- potential thermal work,
Renewable power station electricity
Nuclear Mineral fuels Uranium Nuclear electricity
potential thermal
power station
Electromagn Sun Solar Photovoltaic , Electricity
etic Direct Thermal
heating energy
Renewable panels
Furnace
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emmasofiaronco. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.77. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now