Summary
Samenvatting - Neural Networks and Reorganisation as a Basis..
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting van alle lessen. Enkel laatste les staat erin met notities maar voornamelijk scripties door onduidelijkheid tijdens de les.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
janabrabants66
Content preview
Neural networks &reorganization as a
Basis for
Rehabilitation of
Movement
Disorders
KAAT ALAERTS & MORAN GILAT
Jana Brabants
[BEDRIJFSNAAM] | [BEDRIJFSADRES]
,DOELEN (ALGEMENE DOELEN VAN DE CURSUS) ............................................................................................... 8
NEUROWETENSCHAPPELIJKE METHODEN ........................................................................................................ 8
MRI: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ....................................................................................................................... 9
fMRI is geen bumpologie ................................................................................................................................. 9
Fmri is niet gedachten lezen .......................................................................................................................... 10
fMRI is niet invasief ....................................................................................................................................... 10
Wat is (f)MRI ................................................................................................................................................. 10
3 verschillende modaliteiten ......................................................................................................................... 10
geschiedenis of (f) (c) MRI ............................................................................................................................. 11
Biologische basis van MRI ............................................................................................................................. 11
MRI: voorbeeld van applicatie....................................................................................................................... 14
fMRI ............................................................................................................................................................... 14
BIOLOGISCHE BASIS VOOR FMRI ................................................................................................................... 15
Functioneel connectiviteit MRI (fcMRI) ......................................................................................................... 21
DIFFUSION MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (DMRI) .................................................................................................. 23
dMRI .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Meting van diffusie binnen Voxels ................................................................................................................ 23
Fiber tractografie .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI)µ .......................................................................................... 26
Voordeel van Constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) ............................................................................. 27
dMRI-applicaties ........................................................................................................................................... 27
FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (FNIRS) ................................................................................................. 28
ELECTRO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG)......................................................................................................................... 29
Geschiedenis.................................................................................................................................................. 30
materiaal ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Neurofysiologische basis ............................................................................................................................... 31
interpretatie/analyse .................................................................................................................................... 33
TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS) ......................................................................................................... 37
Neurofysiologische basis - Stimulatie over 'primaire motorische cortex' (M1) ............................................. 37
ONDERZOEKSTOEPASSINGEN........................................................................................................................ 39
KLINISCHE TOEPASSINGEN ............................................................................................................................ 39
NIET-INVASIEVE HERSENSTIMULATIE ............................................................................................................. 42
INHOUD ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
GESCHIEDENIS NIBS ........................................................................................................................................ 43
TRANSCRANIËLE MAGNETISCHE STIMULATIE (TMS) ....................................................................................... 43
VERSCHILLENDE SOORTEN TMS ................................................................................................................................ 43
SINGLE PULSE TMS ................................................................................................................................................ 44
REPETITIVE TMS .................................................................................................................................................... 44
FACILITERING – HOOGFREQUENT RTMS ........................................................................................................... 46
REPETITIEF TMS .................................................................................................................................................... 46
NIET-SYNAPISCHE MECHANISMEN VOOR HET INDUCEREN VAN PLASTICITEIT ............................................ 46
TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION (TDCS) ................................................................................ 47
TDCS – IN VITRO HERSENWEEFSEL VAN HERSENWEEFSEL ................................................................................................ 48
Anode kant + ................................................................................................................................................. 49
Kathode kant – .............................................................................................................................................. 49
EFFECT VAN TDCS OVER M1 OP CORTICOMOTORISCHE PRIKKELBAARHEID ......................................................................... 49
1
, IMPACT OP GABA-NEUROTRANSMITTER .................................................................................................................... 51
SYNAPTISCH MECHANISME ....................................................................................................................................... 52
TMS EN TDCS: BEWIJS VOOR TOEPASSING BIJ BEROERTE .............................................................................. 52
INTERHEMISFERISCH COMPETITIEMODEL ..................................................................................................................... 53
VOORGESTELDE STRATEGIE .............................................................................................................................. 53
AANDACHTSPUNTEN ............................................................................................................................................... 53
Waar te stimuleren?...................................................................................................................................... 53
tijdvenster ..................................................................................................................................................... 55
2019 META-ANALYSE – FUNCTIONELE BALANS EN POSTRUAL CONTROL .................................................... 60
CONCLUSIE – BEROERTE .......................................................................................................................................... 62
META-ANALYSE NAAR NEUROFYSIOLOGISCHE EFFECTEN VAN RTMS ................................................................................. 63
Althans op neurofysiologisch niveau ............................................................................................................. 64
TMS EN TDCS: BEWIJS VOOR TOEPASSING BIJ PARKINSON ............................................................................ 64
PARKINSON’S DISEASE (PD) ..................................................................................................................................... 64
ALTERNATIEF: NIET-INVASIEVE NEUROSTIMULATIE TER HOOGTE VAN DE HOOFDHUID! ......................................................... 65
DOELEN VAN NEUROSTIMULATIE BIJ DE ZIEKTE VAN PARKINSON....................................................................................... 65
VOORBEELD RTMS-ONDERZOEK – MIST ....................................................................................................... 66
META-ANALYSE – FYSIEKE FUNCTIE EN MOTORISCHE TEKENS ..................................................................... 67
TDCS VOOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE ........................................................................................................................... 71
META-ANALYSE – FUNCTIONELE VOORTBEWEGING .................................................................................... 71
ALGEMENE CONCLUSIES OVER DE TOEPASSING VAN TDCS/RTMS BIJ BEROERTE/PARKINSON ................................................ 73
OPMERKINGEN OVER TOEPASSELIJKHEID/VERDRAAGBAARHEID ........................................................................................ 73
VOOR TDCS KAN DE TIMING VAN STIMULATIE ECHTER ERG BELANGRIJK ZIJN!..................................................................... 73
TRANSCRANIAL ALTERNATING CURRENT STIMULATION (TACS) ..................................................................... 74
BEWIJS VOOR TAC’S ............................................................................................................................................... 75
VOORBEELDSTUDIE – VISUELE AANDACHTSTAKEN ...................................................................................... 75
STUDIE – TAC'S VOOR Beroerte ..................................................................................................................... 76
STUDIE – TAC'S VOOR DE ZIEKTE VAN PARKINSON ....................................................................................... 76
EEG-BASED NEUROFEEDBACK ........................................................................................................................ 77
CHRONISCHE PIJN ................................................................................................................................................... 80
Studie effect neurofeedback bij chronische pijn ............................................................................................ 80
TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS) (+VAGAL NERVE STIMULATION (VNS)) ........... 81
VOORBEELD STUDIE ................................................................................................................................................ 81
SPECIFIEK GEVAL VAN TENS: STIMULATIE VAN DE NERVUS VAGUS ................................................................................... 81
VALIDATIE VAN TRANSCUTANE AURICULAIRE VNS ....................................................................................... 82
VOORBEELDSTUDIE VOOR BEROERTEREVALIDATIE - VNS ............................................................................ 83
WAT IS VEROUDERING? EEN BIOLOGISCH PERSPECTIEF ................................................................................. 84
VEROUDERING OP HET NIVEAU VAN HET HERSENSYSTEEM ........................................................................... 85
ANATOMISCHE VERANDERINGEN ............................................................................................................................... 85
volumeverlies in zowel grijze stof als witte stof ............................................................................................ 85
DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING – DTI .............................................................................................................. 85
conclusie ANATOMISCHE VERANDERINGEN ................................................................................................. 86
INTRINSIEKE FUNCTIONELE VERANDERINGEN ................................................................................................................ 86
FMRI IN RUSTTOESTAND ............................................................................................................................... 86
2
, RUSTTOESTAND EEG ..................................................................................................................................... 88
TAAKGERELATEERDE HERSENACTIVITEIT (FMRI) TIJDENS BIMANUELE TAKEN ................................................. 89
FMRI TIJDENS INTERLIMB COÖRDINATIE ...................................................................................................... 90
'HYPERACTIVERINGEN' .................................................................................................................................. 90
MOGELIJKE INTERPRETATIES ......................................................................................................................... 90
'HYPERACTIVATIES' ZIJN COMPENSEREND – HOE? ....................................................................................... 91
KORT: VEROUDERING VERANDERT DE HERSENEN ......................................................................................................... 97
KAN HET VEROUDERINGSPROCES WORDEN VERANDERD? ............................................................................................... 98
Meta-analytische rapporten: bevestigen verband tussen fysieke activiteit en gezond ouder worden ......... 98
Longitudinaal onderzoek naar gunstige effecten van lichaamsbeweging op normale veroudering............. 99
ONDERLIGGENDE MECHANISMEN VAN RELATIE ........................................................................................ 100
HET VEROUDERINGSPROCES AANPAKKEN... ............................................................................................... 101
NEUROPLASTICITEIT EN MOTORISCH LEREN IN HET JONGE EN OUDER WORDENDE BREIN .......................... 101
NEUROPLASTICITEIT .............................................................................................................................................. 101
MOTORISCH LEREN ............................................................................................................................................... 101
(MOTOR) LEREN EN NEUROPLASTICITEIT ........................................................................................................ 102
LEERGEÏNDUCEERDE NEUROPLASTICITEIT – ENKELE ALGEMENE OVERWEGINGEN ................................................................ 103
UITBREIDINGS- EN RENORMALISATIEMODEL ............................................................................................. 104
SLAAP EN (VERSNELD) OUDER WORDEN ...................................................................................................... 106
SLAAPVERSCHILLEN BIJ OUDEREN ............................................................................................................................. 106
SLAAP EN HET GLYMFATISCH SYSTEEM ...................................................................................................................... 106
BELANG VAN SLAAP EN HET GLYMFATISCH SYSTEEM BIJ NEURODEGENERATIE .................................................................... 107
NEUROPATHOFYSIOLOGIE VAN EEN BEROERTE ........................................................................................... 108
ALGEMENE INLEIDING - INCIDENTIE VAN BEROERTES .................................................................................................... 108
NEURO-PATHOFYSIOLOGIE VAN ISCHEMISCHE BEROERTE .............................................................................................. 108
NEUROPATHOFYSIOLOGIE VAN HEMORRAGISCHE BEROERTE .......................................................................................... 109
NEURO-IMAGING VAN BEROERTE-LAESIES (ACUTE TOT CHRONISCHE EVOLUTIE) ........................................ 111
ACUTE MONITORING VAN BEROERTE-LAESIE .............................................................................................................. 111
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) .............................................................................................................................. 111
HYPERACUTE BEELDVORMING VAN EEN ISHEMISCHE BEROERTE ...................................................................................... 112
BEELDVORMING VAN DE EVOLUTIE VAN ISCHEMISCHE BEROERTE .................................................................................... 112
INCIDENTIE - HEMORRAGISCHE BEROERTE (HYPERTENSIEF) ........................................................................................... 113
HYPERACUTE BEELDVORMING VAN HEMORRAGISCHE BEROERTE .................................................................................... 114
BEELDVORMING VAN DE EVOLUTIE VAN HEMORRAGISCHE BEROERTE .............................................................................. 114
EVOLUTIE HEMORRAGISCHE BEROERTE ..................................................................................................................... 115
PRINCIPES VAN HERSTEL .............................................................................................................................. 116
REGIONALE/NETWORK IMPACT ............................................................................................................................... 117
Om welke regio/welk netwerk gaat het? .................................................................................................... 117
Dysconnectie ............................................................................................................................................... 118
diaschisis ..................................................................................................................................................... 118
Cerebellaire diaschisis ................................................................................................................................. 118
Om welke regio/welk netwerk gaat het? .................................................................................................... 120
THEORIEËN OVER HERSTEL ..................................................................................................................................... 120
PRINCIPES VAN CORTICALE REORGANISATIE................................................................................................................ 120
Theorieën over herstel – Corticale reorganisatie ........................................................................................ 120
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller janabrabants66. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.03. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
Recently viewed by you
