,1. Multiple Choice: What is the primary characteristic of hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy?
A. Dilated ventricles
B. Thinning of the ventricular walls
C. Hypertrophy of the ventricular walls
D. Increased contractility of the heart muscle
Answer: C. Hypertrophy of the ventricular walls
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal
thickening (hypertrophy) of the ventricular walls, leading to impaired
filling and emptying of the heart chambers.
2. True/False: Pulmonary embolism is commonly caused by a blood clot
that originates in the lungs.
Answer: False
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism is commonly caused by blood clots that
break loose from other parts of the body, usually the legs, and travel to
the lungs through the bloodstream.
3. Fill in the blank: In diabetes insipidus, the lack of antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) results in ___________ urine output.
Answer: increased
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by the inability
of the kidneys to concentrate urine due to a deficiency of antidiuretic
hormone, leading to increased urine output.
4. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of
multiple sclerosis?
, A. Muscle weakness
B. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Vision loss
D. Hypertension
Answer: C. Vision loss
Rationale: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by the destruction of myelin
sheaths in the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as
vision loss, muscle weakness, and mobility issues.
5. True/False: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of
restrictive lung disease.
Answer: True
Rationale: ARDS is a type of restrictive lung disease characterized by
rapid onset of respiratory failure, resulting from inflammation and injury
to the alveolar-capillary membrane.
6. Fill in the blank: In myasthenia gravis, there is a decrease in the
number of ___________ receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Answer: acetylcholine
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by
a decrease in the number of acetylcholine receptors at the
neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.
7. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential complication of
untreated hypothyroidism?
A. Hypertension
B. Thyroid storm
C. Myxedema coma
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