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AP World Revolutions and Industrial Revolution 2024
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AP World Revolutions and Industrial Revolution 2024
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AP World Revolutions and IndustrialRevolution 2024
long nineteenth century - ANS-this is a period in world history characterized by political
and economic revolutions that started in the West and dramatically influenced events
and attitudes around the world. The result of these changes was the creation of
"modern" society with its emphasis on social equality, political participation, nationalism,
and industrial production
Anthropocene - ANS-Scientists have labelled the last several centuries as a new era
marked by the impact of human action on the atmosphere, climate, and geology: "the
age of man"
Eurocentric - ANS-This is an attitude that has focused on the accomplishments of
Europeans and their descendants to the exclusion of concern with other peoples. Based
largely on the success of European nations in their dominance of other regions in the
nineteenth century, this self-congratulatory view of history has been used to justify the
European exploitation of non-Western people and their resources.
Atlantic Revolutions - ANS-These were political revolutions that took place in the Untied
States, France, and Latin American countries. These revolutions took place between
1775 and 1825. Although there were many revolutions in Latin America, perhaps the
most significant took place in Haiti, Mexico, Columbia, and Argentina
Seven Years War - ANS-1756-1763. This was a conflict involving the militaries of Great
Britain, Prussia, France, Austria, and Russia. Colonial and commercial rivalry between
Great Britain and France prompted additional military action in North America, the
Caribbean, West Africa, and South Asia. The global nature of this conflict has led some
historians to refer to it as truly the first "world war"
popular soverignty - ANS-the idea that authority to govern is derived from the people
rather than from God or established tradition. This notion was based to a large degree
on the writings of John Locke and his explanation of government as a "social contract"
that binds rulers and the ruled relationship of mutual responsibilities.
nationalism - ANS-this is the belief that individuals are bound to their nations by cultural,
, historic, ethnic, and political loyalties. One of the most potent ideologies of the modern
era, it was nurtured by the Atlantic Revolutions and shaped much of nineteenth and
twentieth century world history.
natural rights - ANS-this is the belief that people are entitled to certain rights. John
Locke asserted that if a government does not respect the people's rights to life, liberty,
and property then they have an obligation to overthrow that government and replace it
with one that will insure these rights. Thomas Jefferson asserted the same claim in the
Declaration of Independence when called for the protection of the "unalienable rights" of
"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"
federalism - ANS-this is a system based upon democratic rules and institutions in which
the power to govern is shared between national and provincial/state governments
Estates General - ANS-this was an assembly of male representatives of the three legal
orders of pre-Revolutionary France: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. Each of
these orders was assigned an equal say in legislation even though the first two orders
combined (clergy and nobility) only represented about 2% of the population of France.
national assembly - ANS-Representatives of the Third Estate (the commoners) claimed
the sole authority to make laws for France when they claimed this title in 1789. They felt
that they could best judge the interests and needs of the nation since they represented
98% of the countries population.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - ANS-This was a document issued by the
National Assembly in France in 1789 which declared that "men are born and remain
free and equal in rights." It was one of the contributing factors that launched the French
Revolution.
ancien régime - ANS-this term is used to describe the government of France before the
French Revolution. It was marked by absolute monarchy and aristocratic privilege
Louis XVI (1754-1793) - ANS-He was the king of France before and during the French
Revolution. He and his wife, Marie Antoinette, were both executed in the process of
creating a republic in France. Their execution prompted other European countries to
attack France to punish those who had carried out this regicide.
Maximilien Robespierre - ANS-He was the leader of France during the Reign of Terror.
As the most powerful member of the Committee of Public Safety, he orchestrated the
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