EXSS 288 Test Questions with Complete Solutions

EXSS 288 Test Questions with Complete Solutions mechanical properties of ligaments - Answer--more elastic fibers than in tendons -makes tendons less resistance to tensile forces, and greater deformation occurs prior to mechanical failure mechanisms of ligament injuries - Answer--high magnitude, single load, tensile forces -low magnitude, repetitive load, tensile forces 5 steps of musculoskeletal assessment - Answer-1. observation 2. palpation 3. range of motion 4. special tests 5. assessment decisions how does ice help with injuries? - Answer--it is a vasoconstrictor, so it reduces the blood arriving to the area so it can limit swelling (helps with pain) why is there a 20 min minimum of ice? - Answer-the skin tries to resist cold temperatures; it needs time to penetrate the skin what may be the most important factor in limiting swelling? - Answer-compression: decreases space allowed for swelling to accumulate purposes of immobilizing an injury are? - Answer--lessen pain -***prevent further damage to soft tissues what should caregiver do after splinting a pt? - Answer-check distal pulse and sensation 3 types of splints - Answer--rigid splint -formable splint -Sam splint what are the benefits of the Sam splint? - Answer-waterproof, reusable, lightweight and compact, fastens in place with tape or any wrap, easy to clean, and can be used on any joint hazards of improper splinting - Answer--loss of distal circulation -aggravation of the injury -compression of nerves, tissues, and blood vessels -delay in transport of a pt w a life-threatening condition when do you tape/bandage? - Answer-provides compression to minimize swelling, reduces chances of injury by applying tape preventively, provides additional support how much body weight do axillary crutches transfer? - Answer-80% of body weight what are disadvantages of axillary crutches? - Answer--less stable than walker -can possibly cause injury to axillary vessels/nerves -require good standing balance -functional strength of trunk muscles required four point pattern - Answer-crutch gait pattern where athlete touches both feet to ground; low energy expenditure two point pattern - Answer-crutch gait pattern where only one foot touches the ground; higher energy expenditure blood pressure - Answer--indicates arterial pressure -measured with sphygmomanometer -systolic: pressure created by ventricular contraction (around 120mmHg) -diastolic: residual pressure between beats (around 70mmHg) if you have a dark-skinned athlete, how do you detect vital signs by skin color? - Answer--nail beds and inside lips and mouth will be pinkish -with shock, skin around mouth and nose will have grayish cast -mouth and tongue will be bluish how is pupil response more important than size? - Answer-failure to accommodate may indicate brain injury, alcohol or drug poisoning what is paresthesia? - Answer-abnormal nerve response in which there is tingling, prickling, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long term physical effect arterial bleeding - Answer-bright red and spurts; difficult to control venous bleeding - Answer-darker and flows more steadily; more easily managed capillary bleeding - Answer-dark red and oozes; often clots spontaneously abrasion skin wound - Answer-"scrape" in which skin rubbed against rough surface -increased risk of infection because often involves exposure to dirt and foreign materials -shear force laceration skin wound - Answer-"cut" that has jagged edges; may also result in tissue avulsion avulsion skin wound - Answer--skin is torn from body = major bleeding puncture skin wound - Answer--penetration of tissue incision - Answer--wounds with smooth edges -typically "planned" ex. in surgery how to use pressure points to stop blood flow - Answer-1. direct pressure and elevation 2. find appropriate proximal point for distal bleeding 3. apply pressure to point as well as wound site 4. continue until bleeding stops what is the goal of the tourniquet? - Answer-to stop blood flow by causing tissue death -only use as last resort what is an occlusive dressing? - Answer-an air- and water-tight trauma dressing used in first aid. provide a total seal but do not have the absorbent properties of gauze pads when are sutures normally required? - Answer-deep lacerations, incisions, and occasionally punctures ways to close a wound - Answer--steri-strips (noninvasive) -sutures (stitches) -skin super glue -staples