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Samenvatting journalistieke nieuwsgaring en productie
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JOURNALISTIEKE NIEUWSGARING & PRODUCTIEInhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: inleiding, van massa- naar netwerkmaatschappij...........................................5
journalistiek: een kind van haar tijd...................................................................................................... 5
massamaatschappijtheorie................................................................................................................... 5
netwerkmaatschappij............................................................................................................................ 5
digitalisering......................................................................................................................................... 6
impact op journalistiek.......................................................................................................................... 7
gevolgen van de netwerkmaatschappij voor journalistiek....................................................................7
tegengestelde visies op evolutie van journalistiek in de netwerkmaatschappij....................................8
Pessimistisch: commercialisering...................................................................................................... 8
Optimistisch: netwerkjournalistiek..................................................................................................... 8
conclusie............................................................................................................................................... 8
hoofdstuk 2.1: Wie is journalist.........................................................................................9
inleiding................................................................................................................................................ 9
Wie is de journalist? Boundary work.................................................................................................. 9
wie is de journalist? poging tot definitie................................................................................................ 9
invalshoek 1: defenitie van journalist gerelateerd aan journalistiek als beroep vs journalistiek als
vakmanschap...................................................................................................................................... 10
Journalistiek als vakmanschap......................................................................................................... 10
Journalistiek als beroep.................................................................................................................... 10
invalshoek 2: definitie van journalist gerelateerd aan recht vs ethiek................................................11
Rechtsdomein.................................................................................................................................. 11
Ethiek.............................................................................................................................................. 11
rolopvattingen van professionele journalisten....................................................................................11
Normatieve versus analytische traditie (Hanitzsch & Vos, 2018).....................................................11
journalistieke rollen binnen het dagdaagelijkse leven.....................................................................13
Journalist van de toekomst................................................................................................................. 13
Hoofdstuk 2.2 het profiel van de professionele journalist.................................................14
Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 14
Beroepsjournalist................................................................................................................................ 14
de eerste PROFIELSTUDIES................................................................................................................. 14
het profiel van de Belgische journalist in 2018...................................................................................15
sociaaldemografische kenmerken................................................................................................... 15
opleiding en diploma....................................................................................................................... 15
politieke opvattingen....................................................................................................................... 15
werksituatie//statuut........................................................................................................................ 15
werkvoorwaarden//netto inkomen................................................................................................... 15
vrouwen in de journalistiek.............................................................................................................. 15
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, wat doet de belgische journalist?........................................................................................................ 16
brongebruik//informatiekanalen (pwp)............................................................................................. 16
brongebruik// risico’s tot juridische vervolging “slapping”...............................................................16
wat denkt de belgische jounralist?...................................................................................................... 16
gastles pieter knapen..................................................................................................... 17
gastles eva dumon: berichten over zelfdoding.................................................................18
suïcide en preventie............................................................................................................................ 18
impact van media............................................................................................................................... 18
richtlijnen............................................................................................................................................ 19
Hoofdstuk 3.1: nieuwsselectie.........................................................................................20
Vroege sociologische periode............................................................................................................. 20
Middenperiode sociologisch onderzoek............................................................................................... 22
late periode sociologisch onderzoek................................................................................................... 23
integratie verschillende periodes van sociologisch onderzoek naar nieuwsselectie............................24
nieuwsselectie in de netwerkmaatscappij........................................................................................... 24
hoofdstuk 3.2 het brongebruik van journalisten...............................................................26
inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 26
historisch overzicht van onderzoek naar journalistieke bronnen.........................................................26
vroege sociologische periode: de journalist als individuele beslisser..................................................26
middenperiode van sociologische studies naar nieuwsselectie...........................................................26
late periode van sociologische studies................................................................................................ 27
journalistieke bronnen in de netwerkmaatschappij.............................................................................28
de pessimistische visie: churnalism................................................................................................. 28
de optimistische visie: de sociale media en nieuwsbronnen............................................................29
conclusie............................................................................................................................................. 29
hoofdstuk 3.3 Framing in nieuwsmedia............................................................................29
inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 30
het ontstaan en de evolutie van framing............................................................................................ 30
media-versus audienceframes............................................................................................................ 30
mediaframes: definitie en voorbeelden...........................................................................................30
audienceframes: definiëring............................................................................................................ 31
mediaframes verder uitgediept en onderzocht...................................................................................32
diverse frames in het framingsproces................................................................................................. 33
de framebuildingfase....................................................................................................................... 33
de framesettingfase......................................................................................................................... 34
frame-effecten................................................................................................................................. 34
empirisch onderzoeken van mediaframes.......................................................................................... 35
inductief versus deductief................................................................................................................ 35
kwalitatief vs kwantitatief................................................................................................................ 35
hoofdstuk 4: het publiek als nieuwsconsument................................................................35
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, inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 35
inzicht publiek: 3 benaderingen.......................................................................................................... 35
audience-as-outcome...................................................................................................................... 35
audience- as-mass........................................................................................................................... 36
audience as-agent........................................................................................................................... 36
doorsnedes...................................................................................................................................... 36
inzicht publiek: impact nagaan........................................................................................................ 36
inzicht publiek: meten..................................................................................................................... 36
inzich publiek: begrijpen.................................................................................................................. 37
inspelen op behoeftes publiek............................................................................................................ 38
de jonge nieuwsconsument: kranten/nieuws in klas........................................................................38
de jonge nieuwsconsument: belangrijkste nieuwskanalen...............................................................38
personalisering van nieuws: the daily me........................................................................................38
nieuwsproductie: het publiek als nieuwsproducent..........................................................39
burgerjournalistiek.............................................................................................................................. 39
definitie........................................................................................................................................... 39
subdomeinen................................................................................................................................... 39
uitdagingen..................................................................................................................................... 40
toekomst?........................................................................................................................................ 40
participatieve journalistiek.................................................................................................................. 40
definitie........................................................................................................................................... 40
uitdagingen..................................................................................................................................... 40
hoofdstuk 5: businessmodellen van nieuwsorganisaties..................................................42
Waarom businessmodellen?............................................................................................................... 42
dagbladen........................................................................................................................................... 42
oorzaken verval inkomsten.............................................................................................................. 42
uitdagingen in online omgeving.......................................................................................................... 42
Adverteren in een netwerkomgeving............................................................................................... 42
Strijd om de lezer............................................................................................................................. 43
Ontwrichte distributie...................................................................................................................... 43
op zoek naar nieuwe inkomsten......................................................................................................... 43
Advertenties.................................................................................................................................... 44
Lezers.............................................................................................................................................. 44
Diversificatie.................................................................................................................................... 45
audiovisuele nieuwsmedia.................................................................................................................. 45
net-native nieuwsmedia...................................................................................................................... 45
Verbetering op komst?........................................................................................................................ 45
conclusie............................................................................................................................................. 45
hoofdstuk 6: actueel debat: fake news............................................................................47
inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 47
fake news: nieuw sinds 2016?............................................................................................................ 47
fake news: waarom vandaag bovenaan de agenda?...........................................................................47
fake news: definitie............................................................................................................................. 47
fake news als genre......................................................................................................................... 48
fake news als label.......................................................................................................................... 49
fake news buzzword........................................................................................................................ 50
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, impact van fake news......................................................................................................................... 50
hoe en door wie kan fake news worden aangepakt?...........................................................................51
de overheid en het beleid................................................................................................................ 51
de media en journalisten................................................................................................................. 51
technologie- en platformaanbieders................................................................................................51
het publiek....................................................................................................................................... 51
tips om fake news te herkennen......................................................................................................... 51
gastles lonne van erp...................................................................................................... 52
Gastles: Business model, cross-publisher bundling...........................................................53
Platformisering van het nieuwsmediasysteem....................................................................................53
Bedrijfsmodellen van journalistieke producten...................................................................................53
Journalistiek als een ‘gratis goed’....................................................................................................... 54
Perceptie van digitale entertainmentabonnementen..........................................................................54
Krantenbundels................................................................................................................................... 55
Bundelcontext................................................................................................................................. 55
Background..................................................................................................................................... 56
Basic Structure of the European media system...............................................................................56
Voorkeuren voor cross-publisherbundeling......................................................................................56
Theorie van de voorspellende waarde van bundeling.........................................................................57
conclusie............................................................................................................................................. 58
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