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Apuntes de clase Magnetismo, Electricidad y Maquinas

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Estos apuntes son perfectos para estudiar el examen de 2 ESO del tema de Magnetismo, Electricidad y Máquinas.

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  • May 30, 2024
  • 3
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Javier
  • All classes
  • Secondary school
  • ESO
  • 2
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·MAGNETISMO Y ELECTRICIDAD·
·MAGNETISMO: Cualidad de los cuerpos
para atraer algunos metales. Tienen propiedades
magnéticas, que contienen hierro o materiales
ferromagnéticos.



·ELECTRICIDAD: Flujo de electrones (𝑒−)
Energía más utilizada
Transportable a largas distancias
Puede transformarse en otras energías
- Conductores: Plata, cobre, agua, acero, oro, …
- Aislantes: Caucho, vidrio, aceite, plástico, goma, diamante, madera seca, …
·CIRCUITO ELÉCTRICO (Generador, conductor, interruptor y receptor)
·MAGNITUDES ELÉCTRICAS:

Corriente eléctrica I: Electrones que recorren un circuito por
unidad de tiempo ( amperios = A )
Tensión eléctrica V: Energía necesaria en un circuito para que
los electrones se activen ( voltios = V )
Resistencia eléctrica R: Capacidad para oponerse en mayor o menor medida
( ohmios = Ω )

·LEY DE OHM:



·MÁQUINAS·
·Conjunto de elementos que permite reducir el esfuerzo.
- MÁQUINAS SIMPLES: Realizan su trabajo en un sólo paso.
- MÁQUINAS COMPUESTAS: Formadas por dos o más máquinas simples.
a) Máquinas que transforman movimientos.
b) Máquinas que transforman fuerzas.

“DADME UN PUNTO DE APOYO Y MOVERÉ EL MUNDO”
Arquímedes de Siracusa

·PALANCA: Máquina simple que consiste en una barra con un punto de apoyo, una fuerza F y
otra fuerza, llamada resistencia R.




𝐹·𝑑1 = 𝑅·𝑑2

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