Summary
China and Global Politics - full summary
- Course
- Institution
Full summary of the course
[Show more]
1 review
By: tuurds • 2 months ago
Seller
Followelisenizette
Reviews received
Content preview
China and Global Politics – SummaryElise Nizette
Table of Contents
Class 1 - China & WTO Accession ......................................................................... 3
China's accession WTO in 11/2001 after 15 years of preparation .................................................... 3
5 principles to assess implication of China's accession ................................................................. 3
Accession and surging economic growth ...................................................................................... 3
International trade: China trade balance with selective countries .................................................. 4
Problems and challenges in the period 2001-2008......................................................................... 5
At present ................................................................................................................................... 5
China's economic development 2008-present .............................................................................. 6
Why China is not just a cheap labor country, reasons why it is the world's biggest manufacturer...... 6
Class 2 - China and International Organizations .................................................... 7
Imperial Period (Qing Dynasty 1644-1911) ..................................................................................... 7
Republican Period ....................................................................................................................... 7
People's Republic of China: 1949-1971 ......................................................................................... 7
People's Republic of China: 1971-1978 Integration into International Community ........................... 9
People's Republic of China: 1978-present ..................................................................................... 9
Class 3 - Rise of China ....................................................................................... 11
1978 Reform Policy: focus on 4 modernizations, 2 most urgent ones: ........................................... 11
Two competing views on rise of China ......................................................................................... 11
At present ................................................................................................................................. 11
Strategy of 'peaceful rise' ........................................................................................................... 11
Theoretical perspectives on Rise of China (reflecting theoretical positions and expectation rather
than analysis of China's security discourse) ................................................................................ 12
To what extent is the threat of China a perceived threat? .............................................................. 13
Social construct of Asia's Rise besides 'Rise of China' story ......................................................... 13
Class 4 - East-Asia Alignment Strategies and the South China Sea ....................... 15
East-Asia Alignment Strategies ................................................................................................... 15
Special case of South-Korea or ROC (Republic of Korea) ................................................................... 15
China and the South China Sea .................................................................................................. 18
Class 5 - Pivoting to Asia .................................................................................... 21
Context ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Rebalance to Asia in 2011 .......................................................................................................... 21
Perception of Return to Asia policy among Chinese scholars ....................................................... 23
Assessment of success of the Pivot to Asia in the US ................................................................... 23
Trans-Pacific Partnership ........................................................................................................... 23
Chinese strategy in Sino-US trade war ........................................................................................ 24
Class 6 - The Moral Challenge of Tian'Anman ...................................................... 25
Drama of Tiananmen ................................................................................................................. 25
Freedom complicated ................................................................................................................ 25
America's China: the making of a Liberal Myth............................................................................. 26
Class 7 - Sino-US Relations ................................................................................ 29
The instability of Sino-US relations ............................................................................................. 29
Changing strategies from keeping a low profile (KLP) to striving for achievement (SFA) .................. 31
Class 8 - China's Interest in Central Asia............................................................. 35
1
, China's position in post-Cold War Central Asia (1990-2010)......................................................... 35
Strategy of Go-West Policy......................................................................................................... 36
China's interests in Central Asia ................................................................................................. 37
Class 9 - China-Russia Relations ........................................................................ 39
Historical legacy ........................................................................................................................ 39
Common interests ..................................................................................................................... 39
Under Putin: continuation of the primacy of China in Russian policy, relations increasingly improving
due to geopolitical changes........................................................................................................ 40
Challenges ................................................................................................................................ 41
Class 10 - BRI and China-EU Relations................................................................ 43
Belt and Road initiative .............................................................................................................. 43
EU strategy towards China ......................................................................................................... 45
Class 11 - The Rise of Localism .......................................................................... 47
Rise of Localism & Civic Identity in Hong Kong............................................................................. 47
Beijing's Response ..................................................................................................................... 50
Future of Hong Kong .................................................................................................................. 51
Class 12 - Next Chapter in China-Africa Relations ............................................... 53
2
,Class 1 - China & WTO Accession
China's accession WTO in 11/2001 after 15 years of preparation
- Process of accession
= massive process of reforming laws in trade issues
o Made apparent the gap between urban and rural income
o Gap becomes even greater a;er accession
• Yet great interest in accession in joining WTO, set up in 1/1995, replacing GATT
- Key driver in restructuring Chinese economy into a market economy
o Long Yongtu, Vice-Minister of Foreign Trade and China's chief global trade negoOator
• “Countries with planned economies have never parOcipated in economic
globalizaOon. China’s economy must become a market economy in order to
become part of the global economic system, as well as to effecOvely
parOcipate in the economic globalizaOon process.”
• No legiOmacy of CCP without domesOc economic growth
5 principles to assess implication of China's accession
- Non-discriminaOon
o WTO members give equal treatment to compeOng suppliers under MFN (most-
favored-naOon) principle
o Non-discriminaOon between imported and domesOcally produced goods
- Market opening
o Commitments by China to abolish non-tariff barriers, reduce tariffs, open service
sectors
o Commitment by imporOng countries to abplish quotas on texOles and clothing
(major concession to China)
o Agreement by US & other countries to impose MFN (most-favored-naOon) tariffs on
China
- Transparency and predictability
o Need to publish trade rules
o Independent judicial review
- Undistorted trade
o AnOdumping and safeguard measures to avoid disrupOon of domesOc market of
other WTO-members as result of China's import
• AnOdumping: 70% of China's products (texOles, clothing & shoes) are
vulnerable to anOdumping given nonmarket economy status for 15 years
(unOl 2016). Market Economy Status (MES) sOll not granted to China by
major trade partners: US, EU, Japan
• Safeguard measures: new form of protecOon against China during 12 years
by the use of special 'transiOonal product-specific safeguard measure'
- PreferenOal treatment for developing countries
o China sees itself as a low-income country but other WTO members reluctant to
accept status of China as developing country because of its size and growth
performance
Accession and surging economic growth
- Growth
o 2001-2008 double digit annual growth, since 2008 growth rate volaOle but not
exceeding 10%
• 2018: 6.9%
3
, • 2019: 6.1%
• 2020: 2.3% (lowest since 1976 but only country with economic growth
during COVID-19 year)
o Structural change of economy
• Share of agriculture decreases
• Share of industry and service increasing
+ Slide 11-12
- How to explain economic growth
o Supply side
• Large workforce from low producOve agricultural sector channeled into high
producOve industry and service sector
§ Rapid urbanizaOon and growth for urbanizaOon
• 1978: 17%
• 2001: 37.7%
• 2006: 43.9%
• 2018: 58.5%
• 2030: 70%
§ Massive internal migraOon from countryside to the city
• 250 million internal migrants in 2018
• Problems due to hukou system
• No access to subsidized housing
• No access to health care
• No access to educaOon
• Facing discriminaOon and sexism
• Road to modernity and economic mobility with loosening
hukou restricOons over Ome
§ IntegraOon with het global economy
o Demand side
• DomesOc investment is the motor of China's economy
§ In 2002, 48.8%
• RelaOvely low domesOc final consumpOon
§ 36% of total GDP in 2007
§ 58.8% in 2017
§ 78.5% in 2018
International trade: China trade balance with selective countries
- General paoern
o SubstanOal trade deficit with neighboring Asian countries
• Japan, Asian NIEs (newly industrialized economies)
• ASEAN 4 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand), Australia
o Significant trade surplus with the US and EU
o Overall trade surplus
- Trade balance
o Taiwan: -USD73.7 bn in 2019/-USD86.7 bn in 2020
o South Korea: -USD25.24 bn in 2019/-USD24.3 bn in 2020
o Australia: -USD55.47 bn in 2019/-USD9.7 bn in 2020
o Switzerland: -USD78.173 bn in 2019/-USD4.9 bn in 2020
o Brazil: -USD28 bn in 2019/-USD31 bn 2020
o Japan: +USD14 bn in 2019/-USD 2.12 bn in 2020
o Germany: +USD14 bn in 2019/+USD20 bn in 2020
o Angola: -USD25.7 bn in 2018/-USD12.8 bn in 2020
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller elisenizette. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $16.00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now