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Samenvatting - Chemie
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Dit is de samenvatting van het vak toegepaste chemie uit het eerste jaar.
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27-5-2024 Samenvattingchemie
Fase 1 sem 2
Remi Demeyer
[BEDRIJFSNAAM]
,Remi Demeyer
1. Opbouw van de materie .........................................................................................6
1.1. Atomen en moleculen ....................................................................................6
1.2. Zuivere stoffen en mengsels ...........................................................................6
1.3. Enkelvoudige en samengestelde stoffen .........................................................6
1.4. Formule .........................................................................................................6
1.5. Voorgetalen ....................................................................................................7
2. Samenstelling van het atoom .................................................................................7
2.1. Elementaire deeltjes.......................................................................................7
2.2. Atoomnummer en massagetal ........................................................................7
2.3. Neutraal of geladen ........................................................................................7
2.4. Isotopen.........................................................................................................8
3. Periodiek systeem van de elementen (PSE) ............................................................8
3.1. Model van Bohr ..............................................................................................8
3.2. Valentie-elektronen ........................................................................................8
3.3. Opbouw periodiek systeem ............................................................................8
4. Chemische bindingen ............................................................................................9
4.1. Ionbinding of covalente binding ......................................................................9
4.2. Edelgasconfiguratie ........................................................................................9
4.3. Ionbinding ......................................................................................................9
4.4. Elektronegatieve waarde.................................................................................9
4.5. Covalent ........................................................................................................9
5. oxidatiegetal ........................................................................................................ 10
5.1. inleiding ....................................................................................................... 10
5.2. elektronegatieve waarde ............................................................................... 10
5.3. Oxidatiegetal bij ionbinding........................................................................... 10
5.4. Oxidatiegetal bij covalente binding ............................................................... 10
6. Chemische reacties............................................................................................. 11
6.1. Chemische reactievergelijkingen .................................................................. 11
7. Oxiden ................................................................................................................ 11
7.1. Vorming ....................................................................................................... 11
7.2. Naamgeving ................................................................................................. 12
7.3. Vormingsreactie ........................................................................................... 12
7.4. Oxiden in het echte leven .............................................................................. 12
8. Zuren................................................................................................................... 12
8.1. Vorming ....................................................................................................... 12
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,Remi Demeyer
8.2. Naamgeving ................................................................................................. 12
8.3. Zuren in het echte leven ................................................................................ 14
9. Basen (hydroxiden) .............................................................................................. 14
9.1. Vorming ....................................................................................................... 14
9.2. Eigenschappen ............................................................................................ 14
9.3. Basen in het echte leven ............................................................................... 14
10. Zouten ............................................................................................................. 14
10.1. Vorming .................................................................................................... 14
11. Soorten reactiepatronen .................................................................................. 15
11.1. Analysereactie, ontledingsreactie ............................................................. 15
11.2. Verbindingsreactie, synthesereactie .......................................................... 15
11.3. Vervangingsreactie, substitutiereactie ....................................................... 15
12. Reacties met behoud OG ................................................................................. 15
12.1. Neerslagreactie ........................................................................................ 15
12.2. Gasvormingsreactie .................................................................................. 16
12.3. Neutralisatiereactie .................................................................................. 16
12.4. Zuurtegraad (pH) ....................................................................................... 16
13. Redoxreacties .................................................................................................. 16
14. Labo ................................................................................................................ 16
15. Thermochemie – endotherme en exotherme reacties........................................ 16
15.1. Systeem en omgeving ............................................................................... 16
15.1.1. Open..................................................................................................... 16
15.1.2. Gesloten ............................................................................................... 17
15.1.3. Geïsoleerd ............................................................................................ 17
15.2. Enthalpie = energie-inhoud ....................................................................... 17
15.3. Exotherm vs. Endotherm ........................................................................... 17
15.3.1. Exotherm .............................................................................................. 17
15.3.2. Endotherm ............................................................................................ 17
16. Reactiesnelheid ............................................................................................... 18
16.1. Begrip ....................................................................................................... 18
16.2. Factoren die reactiesnelheid beïnvloeden ................................................. 18
16.3. Factoren die reactiesnelheid beïnvloeden ................................................. 18
16.3.1. Concentratie ......................................................................................... 18
16.3.2. Temperatuur.......................................................................................... 18
16.3.3. Katalysator ............................................................................................ 18
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, Remi Demeyer
16.3.4. verdelingsgraad ..................................................................................... 18
17. Chemisch evenwicht........................................................................................ 19
17.1. Inleiding ................................................................................................... 19
17.2. Factoren die chemisch evenwicht beïnvloeden ......................................... 19
17.2.1. Concentratie ......................................................................................... 19
17.2.2. Temperatuur.......................................................................................... 19
17.2.3. Volume ................................................................................................. 20
17.3. Wet van Le Châtelier ................................................................................. 20
18. Koolstofchemie................................................................................................ 20
18.1. Inleiding ................................................................................................... 20
18.2. Kenmerken van organische verbindingen ................................................... 20
18.3. Covalent ................................................................................................... 21
18.4. Structuur van het C-atoom........................................................................ 21
18.5. Koolstofketens.......................................................................................... 21
18.5.1. Alifatisch (verzadigd & onverzadigd) ....................................................... 21
18.5.1.1. Alkanen ......................................................................................... 22
18.5.1.2. Alkenen.......................................................................................... 22
18.5.1.3. Alkynen .......................................................................................... 23
18.5.2. Cyclisch ................................................................................................ 23
18.6. Covalent ................................................................................................... 23
18.7. Kunststoffen ............................................................................................. 23
18.8. Polymeren ................................................................................................ 23
18.8.1. Thermoharder ....................................................................................... 23
18.8.2. Thermoplast.......................................................................................... 24
18.8.3. vergekijking ........................................................................................... 24
18.9. Recyclage ................................................................................................. 25
19. Batterijen ......................................................................................................... 25
19.1. Citroenbatterij .......................................................................................... 25
19.2. Grootheden .............................................................................................. 26
19.2.1. Capaciteit ............................................................................................. 26
19.2.2. C-waarde .............................................................................................. 26
19.2.3. State of charge (SOC) ............................................................................ 26
19.2.4. Zelfontlading ......................................................................................... 26
19.3. Batterijtypes ............................................................................................. 26
19.3.1. Loodzuurbatterij.................................................................................... 26
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