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Samenvatting - Geschiedenis van de middeleeuwen (1010FLWGES)
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Samenvatting van de lessen 'Geschiedenis van de middeleeuwen' aan de Universiteit Antwerpen, gegeven door professor Tim Soens
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GESCHIEDENIS VAN DEMIDDELEEUWEN
Tim Soens, UA
Indra Hoti
,INHOUDSTAFEL
LES 1:Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Klimaatverandering ook in middeleeuwen al belangrijk? ..................................................................................................... 3
2. Kwetsbaarheid is mensenwerk (in de middeleeuwen en vandaag!) ..................................................................................... 5
3. De middeleeuwen zijn anders, en dat maakt ze interessant ................................................................................................. 6
LES 2: Beyond Rome ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Komt een vandaal in afrika… ................................................................................................................................................. 7
2. Continuïteit .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Verandering ......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Les 3: een religieuze samenleving..................................................................................................................................................... 15
1. De skylinie van Antweren .................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. De Drie wereldgodsdiensten ............................................................................................................................................... 15
3. Kerk van Kloosters ............................................................................................................................................................... 17
4. Kerk van bisschoppen en Pausen ......................................................................................................................................... 18
5. Kerk van het Volk ................................................................................................................................................................. 20
Les 4: Het vroegmiddeleeuws alternatief ......................................................................................................................................... 21
1. Band of Brothers (x2) ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
2. Vrijheid................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
3. Do-ut-des ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25
4. Steden? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
5. Onvrijen ............................................................................................................................................................................... 27
6. Koningschap ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Les 5: Koningschap in een gefragmenteerde wereld ........................................................................................................................ 33
1. De burcht van Coucy ............................................................................................................................................................ 33
2. koningen van frankrijk ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
3. De Duitse keizers ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
4. De Engelse koningen ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
5. De Hertogen van brabant .................................................................................................................................................... 39
Les 6: Boeren en heren ..................................................................................................................................................................... 40
1. mottige mottes .................................................................................................................................................................... 40
2. Feodale terreur .................................................................................................................................................................... 41
3. Economische groei ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
4. Welvaart boeren .................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Les 7: Expansie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 47
1. THE CREScent and the cross ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
2. KRUISTOCHTEN: CHRONOLOGIE ............................................................................................................................................... 47
4. Kruistochten: drivers? .......................................................................................................................................................... 50
1
, 4. COMMRCIËLE Revolutie ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
Les 8: De Stad .................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
1. 800 jaar antwerpen.............................................................................................................................................................. 55
2. De verstedelijking van middeleeuws Europa ....................................................................................................................... 57
3. Stadslucht maakt vrij ........................................................................................................................................................... 58
4. Het bestuur van de stad....................................................................................................................................................... 60
5. ambachten ........................................................................................................................................................................... 61
LEs 9: GASTCOLLEGE Wim Blockmans .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Condities voor brede politieke participatie in middeleeuws Europa ................................................................................................ 62
Les 10: crisis ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
1. Gilles Li Muisit ziet de pest .................................................................................................................................................. 68
2. De zwarte dood .................................................................................................................................................................... 69
3. Gevolgen .............................................................................................................................................................................. 72
4. Pest en crisis ........................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Les 11: Staatsvorming ....................................................................................................................................................................... 79
1. Oorlog .................................................................................................................................................................................. 79
2. Staatsvorming ...................................................................................................................................................................... 82
2
, GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE MIDDELEEUWEN
Les 1→ inleidende les, niet heel veel structuur
LES 1:INLEIDING
1. KLIMAATVERANDERING OOK IN MIDDELEEUWEN AL BELANGRIJK?
- Misschien vroeger ook al crisissen
- Klimaat als verborgen driver in geschiedenis
- Bv: de kleine ijstijd, the roman climate optimum, the medieval climate optimum
- Het verhaal van NL: 3e eeuw NC = “klimaat verslechterd, zeespiegel stijgt, mensen migreren weg” → kritisch zijn
o Zeespiegel stijgt geleidelijk !
o “Klimaatverslechtering” → land wordt natter, waarom zou men wegtrekken?
▪ Ze trokken niet weg, gingen op terpen wonen
- Tegenwoordig klimaat groot probleem, dus linken van veel historische gebeurtenissen aan klimaatveranderingen
KLIMAATVERANDERING ALS BEGIN EN EINDE VAN DE MIDDELEEUWEN?
LIA = Little Ice Age
LALIA = Late Antique Little Ice Age 450 - 650
Middeleeuwen in grafieken ‘warmere periode’
Veel grafieken (verschillende kleurtjes) → want
veel onzekerheid over gegevens, schattingen…
KLIMAAT EN EINDE ROMEINSE RIJK
- 2e eeuw v.C. – 2e eeuw n.C.
o Warm, stabiel, relatief vochtig
o Ideaal voor landbouw → irrigatielandbouw
o Romeinse Rijk (Fate of Rome) en Han China
- 3 eeuw – 4e eeuw: instabiliteit
e
- 450 – 650 LAILA
Klimaat heeft directe impact op voedsel
// epidemies → klimaat heeft directe impact op ziektes
- 165 (Plaag Antonius), 249
- En vooral van 541 – 542 = Justiniaanse Pest (neutronenbom)
- Vulkaan 536 n.C.
- Procopius: ‘in het begin stierven er maar een paar mensen boven de gebruikelijke sterftecijfers, maar daarna steeg het
sterftecijfer tot vijfduizend per dag, en daarna tot tienduizend, en daarna nog meer'
- Uiteindelijk 250 tot 300 duizend doden
- Johannes van Ephese: 'de wijnpers van de woede van de toorn van God’
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