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PHI 105 2024 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY PASSED GRADE A+
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PHI 105 2024 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY PASSED GRADE A+
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PHI 105 2024 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONSAND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY
PASSED GRADE A+
Informative Function - (correct answer) to inform or describe
Directive Function of language - (correct answer) commands. These
can be rewritten as obligation statements.
Ethical statements are often disguised as commands.
Commands as obligations - (correct answer) "Go close the door!" vs
"you should close it"
Used to make things seem nicer.
Ethical: you shouldn't do X you should do Y
Emotive Function of language - (correct answer) the use of language
to elicit an emotional reaction.
Basis for modern advertising and business.
Trigger w/ compassion
Ambiguity - (correct answer) a word, phrase, etc. that has more than
one meaning and uncertainty as to which particular meaning is meant.
Don't have enough information to decide the meaning of the word.
,Vagueness - (correct answer) uncertainty or lack of clarity on any
meaning at all.
Worse than ambiguity
Don't have a clear candidate
Factual vs. Verbal Disputes - (correct answer) We often think a
dispute is factual (that someone disagrees with us as to what is the
case), when it is really a verbal dispute, a disagreement or lack of clarity
as to precisely what we mean. In other words, two people could have
the same views but think that they disagree simply because they are
being unclear as to exactly what they mean.
"Talking past one another".
Verbal are commonly mistaken for factual
Denotation vs. Connotation - (correct answer) what a thing is. Literal
meaning
the qualities it has (what makes it what it is). Advertising will attach a +
connotation to products.
Law of Non-Contradiction - (correct answer) something cannot both
exist and not exist or be true and false at the same time and in the
same way
,Fallacy of Division - (correct answer) Applying something
characteristic to a single member without any further data (cheating
because you don't have further information. Makes the jump
illegitimate).
All MSU students -> one student
Fallacy of Composition - (correct answer) applying something
characteristic of an individual member to the entire group without any
further data. (lack of further information).
One student -> All MSU students
Appeal to Force - (correct answer) an appeal that contains at least
an implicit threat. Not always a fallacy.
Presupposition: Both parties are rational
Rooted in a kind of cheating: violating the implicit rules of discussion.
Coercing you to agree with me on grounds other than rational grounds
Personal Attack (Ad Hominem) - (correct answer) attacking the
person rather than their position/argument.
The person has nothing to do with the argument they are giving. It
doesn't matter that they're a criminal, they can still have a good
argument.
"to the man/person"
, Tu Quoque - (correct answer) an argument that points out that the
other person engages in the same behavior, therefore their argument is
invalid. technically a fallacy, but often justifiably effective.
Dismissing someone's viewpoint on an issue because he himself is
inconsistent in that very thing.
-Behavior is inconsistent with their argument (if a murderer tells you
that murder is wrong, he is still right).
Threshold of commitment: rhetorical question that arises in the back of
the audiences mind. If your argument is so good why is your behavior
inconcistent with your argument?
Mob Appeal/Bandwagon Fallacy - (correct answer) assuming that
popularity alone is sufficient reason to believe or do something.
Me doing something because you are all doing it. Not just that I happen
to agree with you (redlight example).
Snob Appeal - (correct answer) assuming that exclusivity is enough
to believe or do something. Often used in advertising
Audi vs Honda
Inverse of Mob appeal. The small select group is doing it so you should
do it too.
Stereotype - (correct answer) a false and commonly made general
claim about people.
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