Een volledige, uitgebreide samenvatting van Therapeutische Modellen. Notities vanuit de les, slides en handboek verwerkt naar één samenvatting. Gestructureerd en overzichtelijk. Geslaagd in eerste zittijd.
Samenvatting Het palet van de psychologie - Jakop Rigter
Het palet van de psychologie H 1 t/m 6 & 8
Het palet van de Psychologie
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Therapeutische Modellen (V5G326)
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THERAPEUTISCHE
MODELLEN
Emma Vandaele
2 BATP K4
Academiejaar 2018-2019
,INHOUDSTAFEL
Hoofdstuk 1: Psychologie: een palet vol theorieën................................................................................6
1.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Wat is psychologie?......................................................................................................................6
1.3 Theorieën.....................................................................................................................................7
1.4 kenmerken van psychologische stromingen.................................................................................9
1.4.1 geschiedenis van theoretische stromingen............................................................................9
1.4.2 Mensbeelden bij theoretische stromingen..........................................................................10
1.5 Indelingen theoretische stromingen...........................................................................................11
1.5.1 Mensbeelden in de psychologie..........................................................................................11
1.5.2 De algemene systeemtheorie (AST).....................................................................................15
Hoofstuk 2: Psychoanalyse...................................................................................................................19
2.1 Typering van de psychoanalyse..................................................................................................19
2.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten............................................................................................................19
2.1.2 Geschiedenis van psychoanalyse.........................................................................................19
2.1.3 Mensbeeld in psychoanalyse...............................................................................................21
2.1.5 indeling psychoanalyse........................................................................................................22
2.2 Klassieke theorie.........................................................................................................................22
2.2.1 Onbewuste mentale processen...........................................................................................22
2.2.2 Psychische structuur............................................................................................................24
2.2.3 Psychoseksuele ontwikkeling...............................................................................................25
2.3 Ontwikkelingen na Freud............................................................................................................28
2.3.1 hechtingstheorie John Bowlby.............................................................................................28
2.3.2 Objectrelatietheorie............................................................................................................31
2.4 Het verklaren van psychische stoornissen..................................................................................32
2.4.1 Depressie.............................................................................................................................32
2.4.2 Angststoornissen.................................................................................................................33
2.5 Toepassingen van de psychoanalyse in hulpverlening en opvoeding.........................................33
2.5.1 Verdedigingsmechanismen..................................................................................................33
2.5.2 Overdracht en tegenoverdracht..........................................................................................35
2.6 Kanttekeningen...........................................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 3: Behaviorisme..................................................................................................................37
3.1 Typering van het behaviorisme...................................................................................................37
3.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten............................................................................................................37
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, 3.1.2 Geschiedenis........................................................................................................................38
3.1.3 Het mensbeeld van het behaviorisme.................................................................................39
3.1.4 Indeling van het behaviorisme.............................................................................................40
3.2 Leerprocessen.............................................................................................................................40
3.2.1 Habituatie............................................................................................................................40
3.2.2 Klassiek conditioneren.........................................................................................................41
3.2.3 Operant conditioneren........................................................................................................42
3.2.4 Model-leren.........................................................................................................................44
3.3 Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de leerpsychologie............................................................................45
3.4 Het verklaren van psychische stoornissen..................................................................................45
3.4.1 Depressie.............................................................................................................................45
3.4.2 Angststoornis.......................................................................................................................46
3.5 Praktische toepassingen van leerpsychologie in hulpverlening en opvoeding...........................47
3.5.1 Gedragsanalyse....................................................................................................................47
3.5.2 Registratieopdrachten.........................................................................................................47
3.5.3 Exposuretechnieken............................................................................................................48
3.5.4 Beloningssystemen..............................................................................................................48
3.5.5 Sociale vaardigheidstrainingen............................................................................................49
3.6 Kanttekeningen...........................................................................................................................50
Hoofdstuk 4 Humanistische psychologie..............................................................................................50
4.1 Typering van de humanistische psychologie en Rogers..............................................................50
4.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten............................................................................................................50
4.1.2 Geschiedenis van de humanistische psychologie.................................................................51
4.1.3 Mensbeeld in de humanistische psychologie.......................................................................55
4.1.4 Indeling van de humanistische psychologie.........................................................................55
4.2 De theorie van Rogers................................................................................................................56
4.2.1 Persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................................56
4.2.2 Drie grondhoudingen...........................................................................................................57
4.2.3 De benadering van Gendlin.................................................................................................59
4.3 Nieuwe ontwikkelingen: uitwaaiering en positieve psychologie................................................59
4.3.1 Rogeriaanse hulpverlening..................................................................................................60
4.3.2 Positieve psychologie...........................................................................................................61
4.4 Het verklaren van psychische stoornissen..................................................................................61
4.5 Praktische toepassingen van rogeriaanse principes in hulpverlening en opvoeding..................62
2
, 4.5.1 De gordonmethode..............................................................................................................62
4.5.2 Gentle teaching....................................................................................................................63
4.5.3 Validationmethode..............................................................................................................65
4.5.4 Motiverende gespreksvoering.............................................................................................65
4.6 Kanttekeningen...........................................................................................................................67
Hoofdstuk 5: Cognitieve psychologie....................................................................................................68
5.1 Typering van de cognitieve psychologie.....................................................................................68
5.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten............................................................................................................68
5.1.2 Geschiedenis........................................................................................................................69
5.1.3 Mensbeeld...........................................................................................................................71
5.1.4 Indeling................................................................................................................................71
5.2 Theorieën over cognitie..............................................................................................................72
5.2.1 Waarneming en cognitieve schema’s..................................................................................72
5.2.2 Geheugen............................................................................................................................74
5.2.3 Cognitieve ontwikkeling.......................................................................................................78
5.2.4 Persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................................81
5.3 Nieuwe ontwikkelingen..............................................................................................................83
5.3.1 Sociaalconstructivisme........................................................................................................83
5.3.2 Mindfulness (‘opmerkzaamheid’)........................................................................................84
5.4 Verklaren van psychische stoornissen........................................................................................85
5.4.1 Depressie.............................................................................................................................85
5.4.2 Angststoornissen.................................................................................................................88
5.5 Praktische toepassingen van de cognitieve psychologie in hulpverlening en opvoeding...........88
5.5.1 Geven van voorlichting: psycho-educatie............................................................................88
5.5.2 Cognitieve psychotherapie..................................................................................................89
5.5.3 Cognitieve prothesen...........................................................................................................92
5.6 Kanttekeningen...........................................................................................................................93
Hoofdstuk 6: Systeemtheorie...............................................................................................................93
6.1 Typering van de algemene systeemtheorie................................................................................93
6.1.1 Basisuitgangspunten............................................................................................................93
6.1.2 Geschiedenis van de systeemtheorie en gezinstherapie.....................................................94
6.1.3 Mensbeeld in de systeemtheorie........................................................................................95
6.1.4 Indeling van de systeemtheorie...........................................................................................96
6.2 Systeemtheorieën.......................................................................................................................96
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