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Samenvatting - Biopsychologie

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Binnen deze samenvatting bevindt zich alle informatie van de hoorcolleges, werkzittingen en het gastcollege. Eveneens bevinden zich bij alle gegeven theorie notities die alle aspecten duidelijk en grondig uitleggen. Samenvatting van 180 pagina's.

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  • June 1, 2024
  • June 1, 2024
  • 179
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
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Docent: Frederik Houben


BIOPSYCHOLOGIE




Luana Campus
Academiejaar 2023-2024

,Inhoudsopgave


Module 1: Biopsychologie & Neuroanatomie ................................................................................................... 4
Hoorcollege 1: Inleiding – functionele & neuroanatomie ................................................................................... 4
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
1. Wat is biopsychologie........................................................................................................................... 4
2. Anatomie en fysiologie van het zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................... 5
a. Functionele indeling van het zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................... 5
b. Neuroanatomie ............................................................................................................................... 6
IV. Perifeer zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................. 6
c. Neuroanatomie ............................................................................................................................. 16
I. Macro-anatomie van het zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................... 16
III. Centraal zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................................... 16
a. Neuroanatomie ............................................................................................................................. 22
II. Macro-anatomie van het zenuwstelsel ..................................................................................... 22
IV. Ondersteunende structuren ................................................................................................ 22
III. Micro-anatomie van het zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................... 29
1. Neuronen ............................................................................................................................. 29
2. Gliacellen ............................................................................................................................. 31
Lesdoelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Werkcollege 1: Inleiding – functionele indeling & neuroanatomie ................................................................... 34
Wat is biopsychologie .................................................................................................................................. 35
Anatomie en fysiologie van het zenuwstelsel .............................................................................................. 35
Functionele indeling van het zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................. 36
Neuroanatomie ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Macro-anatomie van het zenuwstelsel .............................................................................................. 36
Perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................... 36
Centraal zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................... 37
Ondersteunende structuren .......................................................................................................... 38
Lesdoelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 39

Module 2: Neurofysiologie ............................................................................................................................. 40
Hoorcollege 2: neurofysiologie ......................................................................................................................... 40
Neurofysiologie............................................................................................................................................ 40
1. Actiepotentiaal .................................................................................................................................... 40
2. Synaps & neurale geleiding ................................................................................................................. 44
3. Neurotransmitters ............................................................................................................................... 45
Aminozuren ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Monoamines ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Acetylcholine ...................................................................................................................................... 48
Onconventionele neurotransmitters .................................................................................................. 49
Neuropeptiden ................................................................................................................................... 49
Lesdoelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
Werkcollege 2: Neurofysiologie ........................................................................................................................ 51
Neurofysiologie............................................................................................................................................ 51
Actiepotentiaal........................................................................................................................................ 51
Synaps & neurale geleiding ..................................................................................................................... 52
Neurotransmitters................................................................................................................................... 53
Aminozuren – Monoamines – Acetylcholine - Onconventionele neurotransmitters – Neuropeptiden
........................................................................................................................................................... 53
Lesdoelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 54

Module 3: Ontwikkeling & genetica ............................................................................................................... 55

, Hoorcollege 3: Ontwikkeling van het zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................... 55
1. Principes van de werking van het zenuwstelsel ................................................................................. 55
2. Ontwikkeling van het zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................... 56
Neurulatie & vorming van de hersenblaasjes ......................................................................................... 57
Neurale proliferatie, migratie en rijping.................................................................................................. 66
Arborisatie, synaptogenese, pruning & apoptosis .................................................................................. 70
Neuroplasticiteit ..................................................................................................................................... 71
4. Klinische toepassingen ....................................................................................................................... 74
Lesdoelen ..................................................................................................................................................... 79
Hoorcollege 4: Genetica ................................................................................................................................... 80
1. Chromosomen .................................................................................................................................... 80
2. Chromosomale afwijkingen................................................................................................................ 85
Numerieke chromosoomafwijkingen ...................................................................................................... 85
Structurele chromosoomafwijkingen ..................................................................................................... 87
3. Mendeliaanse genetica ...................................................................................................................... 91
4. Epigenetica ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Werkcollege 3: Ontwikkeling van het zenuwstelsel & Genetica ..................................................................... 104
Ontwikkeling van het zenuwstelsel ............................................................................................................ 105
Neurulatie & vorming van de hersenblaasjes ...................................................................................... 105
Neurale proliferatie, migratie en rijping ............................................................................................... 105
Arborisatie, synaptogenese, pruning & apoptosis ............................................................................... 106
Neuroplasticiteit .................................................................................................................................. 106

Module 4: Neurologie (reflexen en sensoriek) .............................................................................................. 109
Hoorcollege 5: Neurologie (reflexen en sensoriek) ......................................................................................... 109
Terugkoppeling vorig HC ............................................................................................................................ 109
Sensorisch systeem & sensoren................................................................................................................. 109
Somatosensoriek ....................................................................................................................................... 115
Propiocepsis ............................................................................................................................................... 117
Gnosis ........................................................................................................................................................ 119
Baansystemen ............................................................................................................................................ 120
Reflexen ..................................................................................................................................................... 122
Lesdoelen ................................................................................................................................................... 129
Werkcollege 4: Neurologie (reflexen en sensoriek) ......................................................................................... 130
Terugkoppeling HC ..................................................................................................................................... 130
Oefeningen: ............................................................................................................................................... 130
Terugkoppeling DL ..................................................................................................................................... 132
Oefening .................................................................................................................................................... 132
Lesdoelen ................................................................................................................................................... 132

Module 5: Motoriek ..................................................................................................................................... 133
Hoorcollege 6: Neurologie (motoriek) ............................................................................................................ 133
Situering en inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 133
Organisatie van de motoriek ..................................................................................................................... 134
Baansystemen ....................................................................................................................................... 134
Commandosysteem .............................................................................................................................. 137
Coördinatieniveau ................................................................................................................................. 140
1. Cerebellum ............................................................................................................................. 140
2. Basale kernen ......................................................................................................................... 141
3. Hersenstam ............................................................................................................................. 142
Perifeer servosysteem ........................................................................................................................... 143
Praxis.......................................................................................................................................................... 146
Lesdoelen ................................................................................................................................................... 149
Werkcollege 5: Neurologie (motoriek) ............................................................................................................ 150

, Situering en inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 150
Organisatie van de motoriek ..................................................................................................................... 150
Baansystemen ....................................................................................................................................... 150
Commandosysteem .............................................................................................................................. 151
Coördinatieniveau ................................................................................................................................. 151
Perifeer servosysteem ........................................................................................................................... 151
Praxis ..................................................................................................................................................... 152

Module 6: Executieve functies ...................................................................................................................... 154
Hoorcollege 7: Neurologie (executieve functies en neuronale netwerken) .................................................... 154
Executief functioneren............................................................................................................................... 154
Basisprincipes ............................................................................................................................................ 154
Mentale basisfuncties ................................................................................................................................ 155
Executieve functies .................................................................................................................................... 156
Neuronale netwerken en baansystemen ................................................................................................... 161
Summatie .............................................................................................................................................. 161
Schakelingen ......................................................................................................................................... 165
Lesdoelen ................................................................................................................................................... 169
Werkcollege 6: Neurologie (executieve functies) ............................................................................................ 170
Executief functioneren .............................................................................................................................. 170
Basisprincipes ....................................................................................................................................... 170
Mentale basisfuncties .......................................................................................................................... 170
Executieve functies .............................................................................................................................. 171
Neuronale netwerken .............................................................................................................................. 171
Summatie ............................................................................................................................................. 171
Schakelingen ......................................................................................................................................... 171

Gastcollege Ben van Cranenburgh: Het Plastisch Brein ................................................................................. 172
Het plastische brein ................................................................................................................................... 172
Ons brein is plastisch ................................................................................................................................. 172

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