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Samenvatting Moleculaire Biologie Theorie

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Samenvatting Moleculaire Biologie Technieken. Met deze samenvatting heb ik een 7,8 gehaald. De opgestelde leerdoelen zijn er in verwerkt met behulp van de lessen en het boek. TLSC-MOLBIO3V-16

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  • June 9, 2019
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  • 2018/2019
  • Summary

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By: Joesef • 5 year ago

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Inhoud
Les 1, DNA replicatie en celcyclus...........................................................................................................2
Les 2, DNA replicatie en celcyclus...........................................................................................................5
Les 3, Transcriptie Prokaryoot..............................................................................................................10
Les 4, Transcriptie Eukaryoot................................................................................................................14
Les 5, Transcriptie overig......................................................................................................................18
Les 6, Aminozuren en Translatie...........................................................................................................21
Les 7, Eiwitstructuur.............................................................................................................................24
Les 8, Chromosomen en Toegankelijkheid...........................................................................................28
Les 9, DNA Methylering........................................................................................................................31
Les 10, DNA Repair...............................................................................................................................31
Les 11, Recombinatie............................................................................................................................34
Replicatie Prokaryoot...........................................................................................................................38
Initiatie.............................................................................................................................................38
Elongatie...........................................................................................................................................38
Terminatie........................................................................................................................................39
Replicatie Eukaryoot.............................................................................................................................39
Initiatie.............................................................................................................................................39
Elongatie...........................................................................................................................................39
Terminatie........................................................................................................................................39
Transcriptie Prokaryoot........................................................................................................................39
Transcriptie eukaryoten.......................................................................................................................40
mRNA splicen....................................................................................................................................40




1

,Les 1, DNA replicatie en
celcyclus
Verschil:
Eukaryote cel:
Prokaryote cel:
- Wel celkern
- Geen celkern
- Lineair genomisch DNA
- Circulair genomisch DNA
- DNA in de celkern
- DNA los in de cel
- Wel celorganellen
- Geen celorganellen
- Grotere cel
- Kleinere cel
- Alleen plantencellen hebben een
- Altijd een celwand
celwand
- 1 gen codeert voor 1 eiwit
- 1 gen codeert voor meerdere eiwitten



Genoom: - Hele set aan genetisch materiaal: DNA
& RNA.



Gen: - Stuk van DNA dat voor een stuk eiwit
of functioneel RNA.

DNA-structuur:



2

, - Rechtsdraaiende dubbele helix: Major
en Minor groove.
- Complementair: beide strengen
bevatten informatie. Maakt replicatie
en transcriptie mogeljik.
- Antiparallel
- Nucleotide: fosfaatgroep + DNA-polymerase:
suikergroep + base.




- Pyrimidinen, 1 ring: Cyotsine, DNA replicatie door DNApol:
Thymine, Uracil.
- Purinen, 2 ringen: Adenine, Guanine.




Nucleobase Nucleoside Nucleotide
Adenine (A) Deoxyadenosin Deoxyadenosine mono- ,di-
Purine e of trifosfaat
Guanine (G) Deoxyguanosine Deoxyguanosine mono- ,di-
Purine of trifosfaat
Cytosine (C) Deoxycytidine Deoxycytidine mono- ,di- of
Pyrimidine trifosfaat
Thymine (T) Thymidine Thymidine mono- ,di- of
Pyrimidine trifosfaat


- Niet-covalente krachten in DNA:
o H-bruggen tussen basen.
o Van der Waals krachten
tussen gestapelde basen.

3

, o Hydrofobe interacties
(grooves).
o Elektrostatische krachten
tussen DNA en eiwitten. Tautomeren:



- Meeste hebben een template nodig.
- Alle hebben een primer nodig (RNA),
gemaakt door DNA primase.
- Alle synthetiseren 5’3’.
- Sommige hebben exonuclease
activiteit
o 3’5’ proofreading
o 5’3’ weghalen primer



- Matrijsafhankelijk.
- Semiconservatief: 1 oude, 1 nieuwe.
- Trifosfaatnucleotide als substraat.
- Koppeling aan 3’-einde (OH-groep). Proofreading:
- 2 fosfaatgroepen splitten af  energie
komt vrij, 1P blijft ingebouwd.
- 1000 nucleotiden/s in prokaryoot.
- 50 nucleotiden/s in eukaryoot. - DNApol leest 3’5’ en bouwt 5’3’.
DNA synthese door DNApol: - Leading strand: 3’5’, dus kan
makkelijk lezen en bouwen.
- Lagging strand.: 5’3’, dus moet in
stukjes lezen en bouwen.




- Okazaki fragmenten: nieuw stuk DNA+
primer.
- Helicase: ontwinden van DNA.
- Exonuclease acctiviteit van DNApol,
nieuwe strand:
o 5’3’ primer verwijderen.
o 3’5’ proofreading
(herstellen).
- Ligase: backbone sluiten.
- Bouwt 5’3’, omdat er anders door
proofreading verdere elongatie
geblokkeerd wordt, omdat er geen


4

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