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Samenvatting Criminaliteit en Samenleving (20/20 behaald!!!!)
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In deze samenvatting zitten alle lessen (powerpoints en notities) in vervat. ik heb hiermee een 20/20 behaald (geen grap!).
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By: loicenckels • 6 months ago
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Pagina 1 van 140,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Doel cursus ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Structuur Cursus ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Schriftelijk examen ........................................................................................................................................... 8
1. Criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk .......................................................................................... 9
1.1. Het afwijkende individu (“het monster”) ........................................................................................... 9
1.1.1. Andrej Romanovitsj Tsjikatilo (“de slager van Rostov”) ................................................................ 9
1.1.2. Ted Bundy ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.3. Jeffrey Dahmer ............................................................................................................................ 10
1.1.4. Richard Ramirez (“the night stalker”) ......................................................................................... 10
1.1.5. Het misleidende kwaad ............................................................................................................... 11
1.1.6. het afwijkende individu (“Het Monster”) .................................................................................... 11
1.2. Rationele individu ............................................................................................................................ 12
1.2.1. Gary Becker (1930-2014) ............................................................................................................ 12
1.2.1.1. Rationele individu .............................................................................................................. 12
1.2.2. Belangrijke beleidstheorie .......................................................................................................... 12
1.2.2.1. 10 principes (Felson en Clark, 1998; Kleemans, 2001) ...................................................... 13
1.3. Waarom kunnen we criminaliteit niet reduceren tot de handelingen van (afwijkende) individuen?
15
1.3.1. David émile Durkheim (1858 – 1917).......................................................................................... 15
1.3.1.1. Criminaliteit als schending van een morele code .............................................................. 15
1.3.1.2. Criminaliteit is normaal in een samenleving ..................................................................... 15
1.3.1.3. Criminaliteit heeft een functie in de samenleving ............................................................. 15
1.3.1.4. Criminaliteit leert ons iets over de aard van de samenleving ........................................... 16
1.3.1.5. Criminaliteit als maatschappelijk fenomeen ..................................................................... 16
1.3.1.6. Criminaliteit en maatschappelijke verandering ................................................................. 16
1.4. Belangrijke inzichten (Smith, 2008) ................................................................................................. 17
1.5. De holocaust als product van de moderniteit .................................................................................. 17
1.6. samenvatting ................................................................................................................................... 18
2. criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk (deel 2) ............................................................................ 19
2.1. hoe is sociale orde mogelijk? ........................................................................................................... 19
2.1.1. talcott Parsons (1902-1979) ........................................................................................................ 19
2.1.1.1. kerninzichten ..................................................................................................................... 19
2.1.1.2. normen en waarden .......................................................................................................... 19
2.2. mensen interageren met elkaar ....................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1. george herbert mead (1863- 1931) ............................................................................................. 22
2.2.1.1. kerninzichten ..................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2. herbert blumer (1900-1987) ....................................................................................................... 23
2.3. macht maakt intrinsiek deel uit van menselijk handelen ................................................................. 23
2.3.1. norbert elias (1897-1990) ........................................................................................................... 23
Pagina 2 van 140
, 2.3.1.1. kerninzichten ..................................................................................................................... 23
2.3.2. solomon Ash (1907-1996) ........................................................................................................... 24
2.4. een steeds kleinere wereld ............................................................................................................... 24
2.4.1. stanley Milgram (1933-1984) ...................................................................................................... 24
2.4.1.1. six degrees of seperation ................................................................................................... 24
2.5. een snelle difusie van ideeën............................................................................................................ 25
2.6. Samenvatting ................................................................................................................................... 26
3. Criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk (deel 3) ........................................................................... 27
3.1. Criminaliteit als collectieve actie ...................................................................................................... 27
3.1.1. Howard Saul Becker (1928 - ) ...................................................................................................... 27
3.1.2. Collectieve actie .......................................................................................................................... 27
3.1.3. Uitdagingen ................................................................................................................................. 28
3.1.4. Becoming a marijuana user ......................................................................................................... 28
3.1.5. Sykes & Matza (1957) Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency, American
Sociological Review, Vol. 22, (6), p. 664-670 ............................................................................................. 29
3.1.5.1. Uitdieping van theorie van Sutherland .............................................................................. 29
3.1.5.2. Kritiek op subcultuurtheorie.............................................................................................. 29
3.1.5.3. 4 problemen met subcultuurtheorie ................................................................................. 30
3.1.5.4. Samengevat ....................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.5.5. Neutraliseringstechnieken ................................................................................................. 31
3.1.5.5.1. Neutraliseringstechnieken ........................................................................................... 32
3.1.6. David Matza (1930 – 2018) ......................................................................................................... 32
3.1.6.1. Drifters ............................................................................................................................... 33
3.1.6.2. subterranean values .......................................................................................................... 34
3.1.7. Deviantie als sociaal status ......................................................................................................... 34
3.1.7.1. Master status ..................................................................................................................... 35
3.1.8. Het gevaar van het enkelvoudig verhaal ..................................................................................... 36
3.1.9. Howard Saul Becker (1928-) ........................................................................................................ 36
3.2. Samenvatting vorige les ................................................................................................................... 37
4. Criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk (deel 4) ........................................................................... 38
4.1. Masterstatus .................................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.1. Howard Saul Becker (1928 - ) ...................................................................................................... 38
4.1.2. Everett C. Hughes (1897 - 1983) ................................................................................................. 38
4.1.2.1. Masterstatus is bepalend voor onze evaluaties van (het gedrag van) anderen ................ 38
4.1.3. Erving Goffman (1922 – 1982) .................................................................................................... 39
4.1.3.1. Stigma ................................................................................................................................ 40
4.2. Identiteit........................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2.1. Waarom is de beoordeling van gedrag belangrijk om deviantie te begrijpen? .......................... 41
4.2.2. In wat volgt… ............................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.3. Karl Marx (5 mei 1818 – 14 maart 1883) .................................................................................... 43
4.2.3.1. Enkele belangrijke begrippen ............................................................................................ 43
4.2.3.1.1. Communisme ............................................................................................................... 43
4.2.3.1.2. Kapitalisme ................................................................................................................... 44
4.2.4. Surveillance kapitalisme .............................................................................................................. 44
Pagina 3 van 140
, 4.2.5. Roland bARTHES (1915 – 1980) .................................................................................................. 45
4.2.5.1. mYTHOLOGIEËN (1957) ..................................................................................................... 45
4.2.6. vALS bEWUSTZIJN ....................................................................................................................... 45
4.3. Samenvatting vorige les ................................................................................................................... 46
5. Criminaliteit als maatschappelijk vraagstuk (deel 5) ........................................................................... 47
5.1. In deze les… ...................................................................................................................................... 47
5.2. Surveillance kapitalisme................................................................................................................... 47
5.3. Roland barthes (1915-1980) ............................................................................................................ 48
5.3.1. Mythologieën .............................................................................................................................. 48
5.4. Vals bewustzijn ................................................................................................................................ 49
5.4.1. woke ............................................................................................................................................ 50
6. Conclusie: waarom is criminaliteit een maatschappelijk vraagstuk? ................................................... 51
7. Gastcollege - Jasmien Bougrine ........................................................................................................... 52
Generatie BX: Brusselse jongeren en superdiversiteit .................................................................................. 52
7.1. superdiversiteit ................................................................................................................................ 52
7.2. brussel .............................................................................................................................................. 53
7.2.1. brusselse jongeren ...................................................................................................................... 54
7.2.1.1. incidenten .......................................................................................................................... 54
7.2.1.2. problematisering ............................................................................................................... 54
7.3. normalisering ................................................................................................................................... 55
7.3.1. discours ....................................................................................................................................... 55
7.3.2. verbeelde gemeenschap ............................................................................................................. 56
7.3.3. denormalisering .......................................................................................................................... 56
7.3.4. normalisering .............................................................................................................................. 56
7.4. brusselse jongeren (deel 2) .............................................................................................................. 57
7.5. superdiversiteit ................................................................................................................................ 57
7.6. masterstatus .................................................................................................................................... 59
7.6.1. masterstatus & normalisering ..................................................................................................... 61
7.7. outsiders........................................................................................................................................... 62
7.8. dominant & normaal........................................................................................................................ 63
7.8.1. the usual suspect......................................................................................................................... 64
7.8.2. dominant & normaal ................................................................................................................... 64
7.8.2.1. voorwaardelijke acceptatie ............................................................................................... 65
7.8.2.1.1. masterstatus & voorwaardelijke acceptatie ................................................................ 65
7.8.2.1.2. masterstatus & gereduceerd behoren ......................................................................... 66
7.8.2.1.3. masterstatus & onvoltooibare assimilatie ................................................................... 66
7.8.3. dominant & normaal ................................................................................................................... 66
7.8.4. normalisering van voorwaardelijke acceptatie ........................................................................... 67
7.8.5. normalisering van gereduceerd behoren .................................................................................... 67
7.8.6. normalisering van onvoltooibare assimilatie .............................................................................. 67
Pagina 4 van 140
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