-barrier to loss of water and electrolytes
-protects against external agents
-regulates temp and bp
-acts as a sense organ
-maintains surface integrity and cell replacement
-helps produce vitamin D
-delays hypersensitivity reactions
-indicates emotions through color changes - ANS-functions of the skin
-Large number of typical moles
-Presence of atypical moles
-Family history of melanoma
-Prior history of melanoma
-History of repeated severe sunburns
-Ease of burning, freckling, or inability to tan
-Over age 50
-Light hair and/or eyes and/or fair skin
-Male
-Live in higher altitudes or near equator (closer to the sun, with less protective
ozone layers)
-Past exposure to radiation, coal, tar, creosote, petroleum products
-Repeated irritation or trauma to an area - ANS-risk factors for melanoma (1 or
more of the following at higher risk)
(usual weight - current weight)/usual weight x 100 - ANS-recent weight change
ability to learn - ANS-4 unrelated words test; ask at 5, 10, and 30 minutes after;
ability to read, computation
abrasion - ANS-a wound caused by rubbing the skin or mucous membrane
abstract thinking - ANS-able to explain a proverb
acculturation - ANS-the process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
activities of daily living - ANS-basic tasks necessary for living
activity - exercise pattern - ANS-Usual activities and exercise type and patterns
Leisure activities
,Self-care activities and ability to perform (ADLs, IADLs)
Adequacy of energy for requirements
Symptoms related to activity and exercise
Pertinent physiological alterations
Functional status
EX: ADLs, HOBBIES
acute confusion state (delirium) - ANS-clouding of consciousness; inattentive,
incoherent conversation, impaired recent memory and confabulation of recent events;
often agitated and having visual hallucinations; disoriented with confusion; worse
at night when environmental stimuli are decreased
adolescence, 12 or 13-19 years - ANS--Searching for one's identity
-Appreciating one's achievements
-Growing independent from parents
-Forming close relationships with peers
-Developing analytic thinking
-Evolving one's own value system
-Developing a sexual identity
-Beginning to choose a career
alert - ANS-awake or readily aroused, oriented, fully aware of external and
internal stimuli and responds appropriately, conducts meaningful interpersonal
interactions
allergic facies - ANS-blue circles under eyes, open mouth, crease on nose and under
eyes (from rubbing nose)
alopecia - ANS-hair loss
alopecia areata - ANS-Hair loss when the immune system attacks the hair follicles,
often reversible.
-Most common type, sudden onset; 1 or more circumscribed spots of hair loss on the
scalp
-Occasionally, all of the scalp hair is lost - Alopecia Totalis
-Less frequent, loss of all the hairs on the entire body - Alopecia Univeralis
ambivalence - ANS-the existence of opposing emotions towards an idea, object, or
person
ammonia - ANS-odor of urine, peptic ulcer, renal failure
androgenic alopecia - ANS-Male and female pattern baldness
-Occurs slowly over years, usually from family history of loss.
-women = the hair slowly becomes thin throughout the scalp and bald spots (many
patches) usually do not occur (Ludwig's)
-men = hair loss starts at the temples, then an enlarging bald spot on top of the
head.
, android obesity - ANS-more fat in upper body
annular lesion - ANS-circular, also called nummular or circinate
anxiety - ANS-worried, uneasy, apprehension form the anticipation of a danger whose
source is unknown
arciform - ANS-like a half moon
area of less sensitivity to most sensitivity - ANS-how to assess an elderly patient
assess risk of suicide - ANS-death themes, giving away possessions/saying goodbye,
changes in sleep/eating habits, sudden change in behavior, withdrawal
socially/defeated, self-mutilation, prior attempts
assessment for geriatric patients - ANS--focus on function and quality of life
-promotes wellness and independence
-communication strategies should be used
-comprehensive assessment performed
assimilation - ANS-the process by which a person develops a new cultural identity
and becomes like the members of the dominate culture
asymmetry
border
color
diameter
evolution - ANS-ABCDE of melanoma
atrophy - ANS-thinning of skin; loss of hair, and sweat glands
autonomy vs shame and doubt - ANS-1-3 years, early childhood; will, toilet
training, clothing themselves; is it okay to be me? parents
avulsion - ANS-the tearing away of a structure or part
ballottment - ANS-useful when fluid is present; similar to trapping but object is
between the hands;
putting hand on cervix and one on top of abdomen, pushing baby/object back and
forth
basic trust vs mistrust - ANS-0-1 years, infancy; hope, feeding, abandonment; can I
trust the world? mother
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