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Study Guide_ Fundamentals of Nursing, Ch. 28.
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Study Guide: Fundamentals of Nursing,Ch. 28
A bottle containing a sterile solution is dirty at... - ANS-the neck, the outer edge of the
cap, and on the outside of the bottle. *the inside of the bottle cap is considered sterile.
A mask that has become moist... - ANS-does not provide a barrier to microorganisms
and becomes ineffective. Thus, keep talk to a minimum while wearing one.
Are at risk for acquiring infections - ANS-Patients in all health care settings: due to lower
resistance to pathogens, increased exposure to pathogens, and invasive procedures(
technique that requires entry of a body cavity or
interruption of normal body functions).
Health care workers: due to contact with patient blood, body fluids and, contaminated
equipment.
Asymptomatic illness/infection - ANS-When clinical signs and symptoms are not
present.Ex. Hep C
Bagging Contaminated Items - ANS-Prevents accidental exposure of personnel and
contamination of the surrounding environment. *Double bagging is not recomended.
Categories for Sterilization, Disinfection, and Cleaning - ANS-Critical (items that enter
sterile tissue or vvascular system. Must be sterilized), Semicritical (Come in contact with
mucous membranes or non intact skin. Must be high level disinfected or sterilized),
Noncritical (Come in contact w/intact skin. Items must be disinfected).p.412,box 28-9
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Isolation Guidelines p. 414, table 28-6 -
ANS-1)Standard precautions for use with all patients
2) Transmission based Precautions for use with specific patients.
a)Airborne precautions
b)Droplet precautions
c) Contact precautions
d) Protective environment
Chain of infection - ANS-Occurs in a cycle that depends of the following elements:
-->Host-->Infectious agent-->Reservoir-->Portal of exit-->Mode of Transmission-->Portal
of entry-->
, p. 399, fig. 28.1
https://www.google.com/search?q=chain+of+infection&hl=en&client=firefox-a&hs=LTz&r
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COLONIZATION - ANS-Is the presence and growth of microorganisms within a host
BUT without tissue invasion or damage of tissue function.
Communicable Disease - ANS-Infectious disease transmitted from one person to
another.
Describe cough etiquette - ANS-1-cover your mouth w/a tissue
2-place surgical mask on pt if not compromising respiratory fxn.
3-hand hygiene after contact w/respiratory secretions.
4-espatial separation 3ft or more from person w/respiratory infxn.
Diseases requiring greater emphasis on infection prevention and control techniques -
ANS-HIV, AIDS, TB, and MRSA
Factors that Influence Infction Prevention and Control - ANS-1-age (look table 28-3,
p.405)
2-nutritional status
3-stress
4-disease process
Health Care-Associated Infections (HAIs) - ANS-Iatrogenic-
from diagnostic therapeutic procedures. ex. bronchoscopy and treatment w/broad
spectrum antibiotics.
Exogenous-
from microorganisms found outside the individual such as Salmonella.
Endogenous-
when part of the pt's flora becomes altered and overgrows (staphylococci, yeast,
streptococci). Usually happens w/the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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