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Kuby Immunology Chapter 16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation.
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Kuby Immunology Chapter 16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation.
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Kuby Immunology Chapter 16 Tolerance,Autoimmunity, and Transplantation
1. Central tolerance:
A. is the first step of tolerance mechanisms.
B. affects both T cells and B cells.
C. deletes cells that are autoreactive.
D. occurs in the bone marrow and thymus.
E. All of the above. - ANS-*All of the above*
2. Which of the following statements does NOT describe tolerogens accurately?
A. They can be the same molecules as immunogens.
B. They lead cells to become unresponsive.
C. They are part of peripheral tolerance.
D. They only affect B cells.
E. All of the above. - ANS-*They only affect B cells*
3. The tolerogenic response:
A. is not antigen specific.
B. leads to apoptosis but not anergy.
C. results in cells becoming non-responsive.
D. depends of the presentation context.
E. affects T cells only. - ANS-*results in cells becoming non-responsive*
4. Tolerance is promoted by all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A. high doses of antigen.
B. persistent antigen.
C. oral introduction of antigen.
D. presence of adjuvant.
E. low levels of costimulation. - ANS-**presence of adjuvant**
5. Tolerance is promoted by:
A. induction of anergy.
, B. induction of apoptosis.
C. regulation of activity of cells.
D. Both A and B.
E. All of the above. - ANS-**All of the above**
6. Apoptosis is:
A. similar to necrosis.
B. important in peripheral tolerance, but not central tolerance.
C. important in central tolerance, but not peripheral tolerance.
D. impaired in Fas-deficient systems.
E. None of the above. - ANS-**Impaired in Fas-deficient systems**
7. Maintaining immunologically protected sites, such as the eye:
A. allows sequestration of antigens.
B. reduces central tolerance.
C. can lead to autoreactivity secondary to injury.
D. can reduce background reactivity.
E. All of the above. - ANS-**All of the above**
8. Central tolerance employs all but which of the following mechanisms?
A. Apoptosis
B. Receptor editing
C. Positive selection
D. Negative selection
E. Clonal deletion - ANS-**Positive Selection**
9. Peripheral tolerance:
A. Is caused by costimulation without TcR-MHC+ peptide interaction.
B. is caused by TcR-MHC+ peptide interaction without costimulation.
C. Leads to anergy.
D. Both A and C.
E. Both B and C. - ANS-**Both B and C**
is caused by TcR-MHC+ peptide interaction without costimulation.
Leads to anergy.
10. Autoimmune diseases:
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