Summary
Samenvatting '23-'24: Ethiek (009760)
- Course
- Institution
Dit document bevat een grondige samenvatting van het vak Ethiek, meer bepaald alle slides, cursusteksten, gastcolleges en bijhorende lesnotities van de colleges.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
jessicabaert
Content preview
ETHIEKPROF. DR. K. VERSTRYNGE
Table of Contents
1 HOOFDSTUK 1: INLEIDING – WAT IS ETHIEK?.............................................................................................. 5
1.1 MORAAL – MORALITEIT – ETHIEK........................................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Het onderscheid ‘éthos’ – ‘èthos’...........................................................................................................6
1.1.2 Moraal....................................................................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Moraliteit................................................................................................................................................9
1.1.4 Ethiek....................................................................................................................................................10
1.2 NIET-NORMATIEVE VS. NORMATIEVE ETHIEK.......................................................................................................11
1.2.1 Niet-Normatieve Ethiek........................................................................................................................12
1.2.2 Normatieve ethiek................................................................................................................................15
1.3 NORMATIEVE ETHIEK EN RECHT........................................................................................................................21
2 HOOFDSTUK 2: ETHIEK IN DE OUDHEID..................................................................................................... 26
2.1 INLEIDING.....................................................................................................................................................26
2.2 DE SOFISTEN.................................................................................................................................................28
2.3 SOCRATES.....................................................................................................................................................29
2.4 PLATO..........................................................................................................................................................33
2.5 ARISTOTELES.................................................................................................................................................37
2.5.1 Biografie en Oeuvre..............................................................................................................................37
2.5.2 Politiek en Ethiek..................................................................................................................................38
2.5.3 Het streven naar geluk en de menselijke psychologie.........................................................................40
2.5.4 De Deugden..........................................................................................................................................42
1
, 2.5.5 Enkele Kritische Bedenkingen...............................................................................................................45
2.6 HET POST-ARISTOTELISCHE TIJDPERK.................................................................................................................47
2.6.1 Het Hedonisme: Epicurus.....................................................................................................................47
2.6.2 Het Stoïcisme (322-180).......................................................................................................................50
3 HOOFDSTUK 3: ETHIEK IN DE MIDDELEEUWEN......................................................................................... 55
3.1 INLEIDING.....................................................................................................................................................55
3.2 AUGUSTINUS VAN HIPPO.................................................................................................................................56
3.3 THOMAS VAN AQUINO....................................................................................................................................60
4 HOOFDSTUK 4: ETHIEK IN DE MODERNITEIT – CONSEQUENTIËLE ETHIEK...................................................65
4.1 INLEIDING.....................................................................................................................................................65
4.2 HET EMPIRISME EN EMOTIVISME VAN DAVID HUME (1711 – 1776)......................................................................67
4.2.1 De Empiristische Methode en de Deductieve Drogredenen.................................................................68
4.2.2 Het Gevoel als de Grondslag van de Morele Beoordeling....................................................................70
4.2.3 De Welwillendheid en de Menselijke Natuur.......................................................................................70
4.2.4 Natuurlijke en Artificiële Deugden.......................................................................................................71
4.2.5 De Gemeenschap en De Universaliteit van de Moraal.........................................................................72
4.2.6 Rechtvaardigheid.................................................................................................................................73
4.2.7 Slotbeschouwing..................................................................................................................................73
4.3 HET EMOTIVISME EN DE ECONOMISCHE ETHIEK VAN ADAM SMITH (1723 – 1790)..................................................74
4.3.1 De Eigenliefde als prikkel van de zelfregulerende markt.....................................................................74
4.3.2 Het morele oordeel is gebaseerd op sympathie...................................................................................76
4.4 HET HEDONISTISCH UTILITARISME VAN BENTHAM (1748 – 1832).........................................................................77
4.4.1 Wat is Utilitarisme?..............................................................................................................................77
4.4.2 Jeremy Bentham...................................................................................................................................78
4.4.3 Het Nutsprincipe...................................................................................................................................79
4.4.4 Het Belang van het Individu en de Gemeenschap................................................................................80
4.4.5 De Genotscalculus................................................................................................................................81
4.4.6 Kritische Bedenkingen..........................................................................................................................82
2
, 4.5 HET UTILITARISME VAN JOHN STUART MILL (1806 – 1873).................................................................................84
4.5.1 Het utilitarisme en de Zin voor Kwaliteit..............................................................................................84
4.5.2 De Vrijheid en het Principe van Non-Interventie..................................................................................85
4.5.3 Slotbeschouwing..................................................................................................................................85
5 HOOFDSTUK 5: ETHIEK IN DE MODERNITEIT – DEONTOLOGISCHE ETHIEK..................................................87
5.1 INLEIDING.....................................................................................................................................................87
5.2 IMMANUEL KANT EN DE VERLICHTING................................................................................................................88
5.3 ETHIEK ALS ZUIVERE FILOSOFIE VAN DE PRAKTISCHE REDE.....................................................................................89
5.4 HET SUBJECT VAN DE MORAAL IS DE GOEDE WIL.................................................................................................90
5.5 DE DRIE FORMULERINGEN VAN DE CATEGORISCHE IMPERATIEF...............................................................................93
5.6 DE AUTONOMIE VAN DE WIL EN DE MENSELIJKE VRIJHEID.....................................................................................97
5.7 KANT EN HET MENSELIJK GELUK.......................................................................................................................98
5.8 ENKELE BEDENKINGEN..................................................................................................................................100
6 HOOFDSTUK 6: EEN SMALLE VS BREDE OPVATTING VAN ETHIEK.............................................................101
6.1 INLEIDING...................................................................................................................................................101
6.2 EEN ‘BREDE’ OPVATTING EN DE SINGULARITEIT VAN DE MENS.............................................................................101
6.3 DE SMALLE OPVATTING EN DE ETHICUS ALS EXPERT(E).......................................................................................106
7 HOOFDSTUK 7: LEVINAS......................................................................................................................... 107
7.1 LEVINAS AS A PHENOMENOLOGIST...................................................................................................................107
7.2 THE MEANING OF ETHICS..............................................................................................................................107
7.3 OTHER AND THE OTHER................................................................................................................................108
7.4 MY SUMMARY BASED ON THE ARTICLE: INTRODUCING LEVINAS TO UNDERGRADUATE PHILOSOPHERS BY ANTHONY F.
BEAVERS..........................................................................................................................................................109
8 GASTLEZING: DE RECHTVAARDIGHEIDSTHEORIE VOLGENS JOHN RAWLS IN A THEORY OF JUSTICE..........118
8.1 EEN COHERENTIEMODEL: DE METHODE VAN HET REFLECTIEF EVENWICHT..............................................................118
8.2 DE RECHTVAARDIGHEID.................................................................................................................................119
8.3 HET SOCIALE CONTRACT................................................................................................................................121
8.4 DE RATIONELE KEUZESITUATIE ALS UITGANGSPUNT VAN RECHTVAARDIGING IN DE MORAALFILOSOFIE.........................122
8.5 KIEZEN VOOR DE TWEE BEGINSELEN EN DE ZUIVER PROCEDURELE RECHTVAARDIGHEID.............................................124
3
, 9 GASTLEZING HANNAH ARENDT: POLITIEK EN MORALITEIT......................................................................127
9.1 BIOGRAFISCHE SCHETS..................................................................................................................................128
9.2 HANNAH ARENDT EN HET POLITIEKE................................................................................................................131
9.3 HANNAH ARENDT EN MORELE OVERWEGINGEN................................................................................................135
9.4 EEN POLITIEKE MORAAL?..............................................................................................................................144
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jessicabaert. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.27. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62555 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now