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KUBY IMMUNOLOGY- CHAPTER 2
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KUBY IMMUNOLOGY- CHAPTER 2
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NURS 320 Quiz #12 Parts of Bone Marrow Biopsies - ANS-Aspiration and Needle Biopsy
5 Rights of Deligation - ANS-Right Task
Right Circumstance
Right Person
Right Supervision
Right Direction/Communication
ABC's - ANS-Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Acute - ANS-an illness with an abrupt onset and usually a short course - handle acute
before chronic
Airway - ANS-Making sure airway is open
Anything that both LPN and UAP can do... - ANS-assign to UAP first
Aplastic Anemia - ANS-causes PANCYTOPENIA (decrease in all 3 cells - RBCs, WBCs,
or PLT platelets)
prevent complications:
hypoxia - not enough red blood cells
infection - not enough white blood cells
hemorrhage - not enough platelets
Aplastic Anemia: Nursing Care - ANS-Anemia - not every part of their body is
oxygenated so you have to check...
-neuro assessment
-good hand washing #1 WAY OF PROTECTING PTS WITH A LOW WBC
-oral care (assess gum frequently - bleeding in gums, use soft toothbrush)
-screen visitors for infection/exposure to illnesses (avoid because of bleeding and
infections)
-avoid invasive procedures (injections, catheters, enemas, rectal, fecal management)
,Aplastic Anemia: Nursing Care PT 2 - ANS--prevent problems of immobility (pressure
sores -- septic patient --- constipation), prevent pneumonia - coughing, deep breathing,
incentive spirometer
-private room with possible isolation (low blood clot have them in private room to
prevent them from infections)
-bleeding precautions (no IV starts, watch for signs of bleeding - petechiae, purpura,
bruising, no shaving
-fluid and fiber intake (look for black stool, blood in stool, constipation)
Aspiration - ANS--they hook a syringe to the end of the needle and pull out fluid portion
out of the marrow
Benign Tumors - ANS-•Are not cancerous
•Can often be removed
•Most cases do not reoccur
•Cells do not spread to other areas of the body
•Example: Lipoma
Biopsies - ANS-Bone marrow
Lymph Node
**IS THE GOLD STANDARD TEST FOR BONE MARROW AND LYMPH NODES
-LAST 5-10 MINUTES
-SEDATION (local or monitored anesthesia care)
-STERILE PROCEDURE
Bleeding Time - ANS-3-8 minutes
Bone marrow Aspiration and biopsy - ANS-determines neutropenia (diagnostic study)
Bone Marrow Biopsies - ANS--they go right into the center of the bone with a big needle
-sterile environment
-their body will be prepped with a solution and positioned in prone or on side
*3 concerns: infection, pain, and bleeding
Breathing - ANS-Respiratory ex. decrease pulse ox
, Cancer Risk Factors - Prevention is... - ANS-•Prevention is key!
•Identify risk factors and early detection(screening)
Cancer Risk Factors Modifiable - ANS-•Alcohol
•Tobacco
•Diet
•Sun exposure
•Infectious disease
•Chemicals
•Radiation
Cancer Risk Factors Non-Modifiable - ANS-•Age
•Sex
•Race
•Family medical history
Cat Scan (CT) - ANS--it involves X-ray
-can be done with dye or no dye
-see if they have allergy to iodine
-they should drink plenty of fluids to flush the dye
-are kidneys working?
CBC Counts - ANS-**for test memorize the lowest and highest number for male and
female
RBC: 3.6-5.8 million/mm3
Hemoglobin: male = 14-17.3 g/dL & female = 11.7-15.5 g/dL
Hematocrit: male= 42-52% & female 36-48%
WBC: 4500-11000/cubic mm3
Platelets: 150000-450000/ul
Cellular regulation - ANS-refers to all functions carried out within a cell to maintain
homeostasis, including its responses to extracellular signals (e.g., hormones, cytokines,
and neurotransmitters) and the way each cell produces an intracellular response
Chemotherapy - ANS-•Can cure disease
•Increases mean survival time
•Decreases the risk for specific life-threatening complications
•Combination therapy usually more successful than the use of a single medication
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