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Geschiedenis van de Oudheid - Samenvatting -
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Geschiedenis van de Oudheid - Samenvatting - - Christiaan Laes
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GESCHIEDENIS VANDE OUDHEID
Christiaan Laes
Laure Put
Uantwerpen, faculteit letteren en wijsbegeerte, departement
geschiedenis
Academiejaar 2021-2022
1
,Inhoud
Inleiding.....................................................................................................................................................................5
1. Methodologische inleiding................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Bronnen.......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Materiële grondslagen................................................................................................................................6
2. De prehistorie....................................................................................................................................................7
N.S. 49-59..........................................................................................................................................................7
Uitweiding: neolithische culturen.....................................................................................................................8
Deel 1: Griekenland en Voor-Azië.............................................................................................................................8
3. Het Oude Nabije Oosten en Egypte (ca. 3500 - ca. 1000 v. C.).........................................................................8
3.1 Oude Nabije Oosten (Mesopotamië)..........................................................................................................8
3.2 Egypte........................................................................................................................................................10
4. Griekenland (ca. 3000 - ca. 1000 v.C.).............................................................................................................13
4.1 De omgeving..............................................................................................................................................13
4.2 De Minoïsche beschaving..........................................................................................................................14
4.3 De Myceense beschaving..........................................................................................................................17
5. Het Oude Nabije Oosten, Egypte en Perzië (ca. 1000 - ca. 500 v.C.)..............................................................23
6. De Griekse wereld (ca. 1000 - ca. 500 v.C.).....................................................................................................26
6.1 Historisch overzicht...................................................................................................................................27
6.2 Maatschappelijke structuren....................................................................................................................28
6.3 De twee grote stadstaten: Sparta en Athene...........................................................................................31
6.4 De Griekse diaspora..................................................................................................................................43
6.5 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit..........................................................................................................45
7. Het klassieke tijdvak (vijfde – vierde eeuw v.C.).............................................................................................52
7.1 De Perzische oorlogen...............................................................................................................................52
7.2 De hegemonie van Athene........................................................................................................................54
7.3 De Peloponnesische oorlog (431-404 v.C.)...............................................................................................56
7.4 Politieke onmacht in de Griekse wereld (vierde eeuw v.C.).....................................................................59
7.5 Macedonië vult het machtsvacuüm (361-338 v.C.)..................................................................................60
7.6 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit..........................................................................................................62
8. Het hellenistische tijdperk (338 v.C. – eerste eeuw v.C.)................................................................................68
8.1 Alexander de Grote...................................................................................................................................68
8.2 De diadochen of opvolgers........................................................................................................................69
8.3 Griekenland en Macedonië.......................................................................................................................69
8.4 Het Seleucidenrijk.....................................................................................................................................70
8.5 Bactrië en Parthië......................................................................................................................................70
2
, 8.6 De joden [tot in de late oudheid]..............................................................................................................71
8.7 De Ptolemeeën in Egypte..........................................................................................................................73
8.8 De hellenistische cultuur...........................................................................................................................74
Deel 2: Het Romeinse Rijk.......................................................................................................................................77
1. Geografisch kader............................................................................................................................................78
2. De oudste Italische bevolking..........................................................................................................................79
3. Het ontstaan van Rome en de Koningstijd (753 - 509 v.C.)............................................................................82
3.1 Probleem van de bronnen.........................................................................................................................82
3.2 De antieke traditie.....................................................................................................................................82
3.3 Mythe, archeologie en geschiedenis.........................................................................................................83
3.4 Moderne reconstructie.............................................................................................................................84
3.5 Maatschappelijke structuren....................................................................................................................84
3.6 Herstructurering van de bevolking onder de Etruskische koningen.........................................................85
4. De Republiek: maatschappelijke structuren...................................................................................................87
4.1 De overgang van Koningstijd naar Republiek............................................................................................87
4.2 De strijd tussen patriciërs en plebejers.....................................................................................................88
4.3 Burger, halfburger, vreemdeling, slaaf.....................................................................................................90
4.4 De magistraten (Cursus Honororum)........................................................................................................90
4.5 De senaat...................................................................................................................................................94
4.6 De volksvergaderingen..............................................................................................................................94
5. De Republiek: binnenlandse en buitenlandse veroveringen..........................................................................95
5.1 De verovering van Italia.............................................................................................................................95
5.2 De externe veroveringen...........................................................................................................................97
6. De woelige eerste eeuw..................................................................................................................................98
6.1 Maatschappelijke structuren....................................................................................................................98
6.2 Het volkstribunaat van de Gracchen.......................................................................................................100
6.3 De legerhervorming van Marius..............................................................................................................101
6.4 De bondgenotenoorlog...........................................................................................................................102
6.5 De eerste burgeroorlog en de dictatuur van Sulla..................................................................................103
6.6 Pompeius en Caesar: het eerste triumviraat en de tweede burgeroorlog.............................................103
6.7 Het tweede triumviraat met Antonius en Octavianus............................................................................106
6.8 Octavianus, de grondlegger van het Principaat......................................................................................107
6.9 Het culturele leven in de eerste eeuw v.C. en het Augusteïsch tijdvak..................................................110
7. Het Romeinse keizerrijk en omstreken (eerste tot zesde eeuw n.C.)...........................................................112
7.1 De keizers van het Principaat (27 v.C. – 284 n.C.)...................................................................................112
7.2 Het Dominaat (284 – 395).......................................................................................................................115
7.3 Het Westen en het Oosten na de splitsing..............................................................................................115
3
, 7.4 Perzië onder Parthen en Sassaniden.......................................................................................................116
7.5 De Kelten.................................................................................................................................................117
7.6 De grote maatschappelijke structuren van het Romeinse rijk................................................................119
7.7 Gemeenschapsleven en mentaliteit........................................................................................................121
8. De zesde eeuw en later................................................................................................................................130
Epiloog: Continuity and Change – de erfenis van de oudheid.........................................................................130
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