Summary
Uitgebreide samenvatting comfort akoestiek
- Course
- Institution
Dit document bevat delen van de ppt die uitgebreid zijn beschreven.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
jayneosaer
Content preview
Comfort: akoestischInhoud
1 Inhoud ...............................................................................................................................1
2 Inleiding .............................................................................................................................6
2.1 Wat is geluid?............................................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Geluidsbron ........................................................................................................ 6
2.1.2 Geluidsintensiteit ................................................................................................ 6
2.1.3 Geluid in lucht ..................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Geluid.........................................................................................................................9
2.2.1 Karakteristieken van geluid ................................................................................. 9
2.2.2 Geluidssnelheid in lucht ...................................................................................... 9
2.2.3 Geluidsniveau ................................................................................................... 10
2.2.4 Geluiddrukniveau .............................................................................................. 10
2.3 Horen en spreken .................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Menselijke stem ................................................................................................ 10
2.3.2 Horen ................................................................................................................ 12
3 Akoestiek in architectuur - Inleiding ................................................................................ 14
3.1 Geluid in architectuur ............................................................................................... 14
3.1.1 Acoustic intuition ............................................................................................... 15
3.1.2 Noise barrier ..................................................................................................... 16
4 Ruimte akoestiek............................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Zien en horen ........................................................................................................... 16
4.2 Nagalm.....................................................................................................................17
4.2.1 Nagalmtijd ......................................................................................................... 17
4.2.2 Nagalm en echo ................................................................................................ 18
4.2.3 Invloed van absorptie........................................................................................ 18
4.2.4 De invloed van absorptie op nagalmtijd ............................................................ 19
4.2.5 Nagalm – principe ............................................................................................. 19
4.3 Geluidsabsorptie ...................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1 Absorptie, reflectie, diffractie en transmissie .................................................... 21
4.3.2 De reflectie- en absorptiecoëfficiënt.................................................................. 21
4.3.3 Absorptie-coëfficiënt in de bouwpraktijk............................................................ 21
4.4 Geluidabsorptie - poreuze materialen ...................................................................... 22
4.4.1 In poreuze materialen ....................................................................................... 22
4.4.2 Reflectie & absorptie ......................................................................................... 23
4.4.3 Geluidabsorptie - poreuze materialen ............................................................... 24
4.5 Geluidabsorptie – resonatoren (vlakke plaat) .......................................................... 25
1
, 4.5.1 Geluidabsorptie – resonatoren: Helmholtz-resonator ....................................... 26
4.6 Geluidabsorptie – samenvatting .............................................................................. 29
4.7 Nagalmtijd ................................................................................................................ 30
4.7.1 Definitie ............................................................................................................. 30
4.7.2 Nagalmtijd ~ f (Hz) ............................................................................................ 30
4.7.3 Nagalmtijd – meet- en rekenmethoden ............................................................. 31
4.7.4 Nagalmtijd – in realiteit ..................................................................................... 31
4.8 Ruimteakoestiek – rekenmethoden ......................................................................... 32
4.8.1 Nagalmtijd – reverberation time ........................................................................ 32
4.9 Geluiddrukniveau in een ruimte ............................................................................... 35
4.9.1 Rekenmethode geluiddrukniveau ..................................................................... 36
4.9.2 Galmstraal ........................................................................................................ 37
4.9.3 Richtingskarakteristiek ...................................................................................... 37
4.9.4 Spraakverstaanbaarheid ................................................................................... 37
4.9.5 Clarity van geluid : C50 en C80 ........................................................................... 38
4.10 Hoe meet men geluidabsorptie ? ............................................................................. 39
4.10.1 In diffuus veld – nagalmkamer .......................................................................... 39
4.10.2 In het vrije veld.................................................................................................. 39
4.11 Enkele voorbeelden van geluidabsorptie ................................................................. 40
4.11.1 “Clean” and smooth look ................................................................................... 40
4.11.2 Plaatresonatoren en combinaties ..................................................................... 42
4.12 Geluidverstrooiing en diffusie ................................................................................... 43
4.12.1 Reflectie ............................................................................................................ 43
4.12.2 Verstrooiing en diffusie van geluid .................................................................... 44
5 Geschiedenis van de akoestiek ...................................................................................... 46
5.1 Geschiedenis bouwakoestiek – Benelux ................................................................. 49
5.2 Geschiedenis – bouwakoestiek ............................................................................... 51
5.3 Geschiedenis – ruimteakoestiek .............................................................................. 51
5.3.1 Metingen aan schaalmodellen .......................................................................... 52
6 De invloed van het volume van de ruimte ....................................................................... 52
6.1 Het volume van de ruimte ........................................................................................ 52
6.2 De vorm van de ruimte ............................................................................................. 55
6.2.1 De verdeling van absorptiematerialen over de ruimte ...................................... 55
6.3 Rekenmethoden in ruimteakoestiek ......................................................................... 57
6.3.1 Meet- en rekenmethoden .................................................................................. 57
6.3.2 Meten op schaal ............................................................................................... 57
6.3.3 Akoestische simulaties in zaalakoestiek ........................................................... 57
7 Ontwerpregels ................................................................................................................. 60
7.1 Ruimtes voor “spraak”.............................................................................................. 60
2
, 7.1.1 Ontwerpregels – klasslokaal ............................................................................. 60
7.1.2 Ontwerpregels – vergaderzaal .......................................................................... 60
7.2 Grotere ruimte voor “spraak” .................................................................................... 61
7.2.1 Ontwerprichtlijnen voor de nagalmtijd ............................................................... 61
7.2.2 Aula en auditorium ............................................................................................ 61
7.2.3 Theater ............................................................................................................. 62
7.2.4 Bioscoop ........................................................................................................... 62
7.2.5 Concertzaal....................................................................................................... 63
7.2.6 Opera ................................................................................................................ 69
8 Variabele akoestiek ......................................................................................................... 69
8.1 Kantoor- en administratieve gebouwen ................................................................... 71
8.1.1 Ontwerpregels – kantoren ................................................................................ 71
8.1.2 Landschapskantoor .......................................................................................... 71
8.2 Gymzalen en sportzalen .......................................................................................... 72
8.3 Zwembad ................................................................................................................. 74
8.4 Restaurant ............................................................................................................... 74
8.4.1 Ontwerpregels – restaurant .............................................................................. 74
8.5 Atria, shoppingcenter, ….......................................................................................... 76
8.5.1 Atrium ............................................................................................................... 76
8.5.2 Example of walking people ............................................................................... 77
8.5.3 Ontwerpregels – atrium .................................................................................... 77
8.5.4 Ontwerpregels – museum ................................................................................. 78
8.6 Bibliotheek / stille leerruimtes .................................................................................. 78
8.6.1 Ontwerpregels – bibliotheek / stille leerruimtes ................................................ 78
8.7 Industrie ................................................................................................................... 79
8.7.1 Ontwerpregels – industrie ................................................................................. 79
9 Binauraal horen ............................................................................................................... 79
9.1 Geluidsbronlocalisatie in het horizontaal vlak .......................................................... 80
9.2 Binaural cues ........................................................................................................... 80
9.2.1 Interaural Time Difference (ITD) ....................................................................... 80
9.2.2 Interaural Level Difference (ILD) ....................................................................... 81
9.3 Localisation in vertical plane .................................................................................... 81
9.4 Head – Related Transfer Function (HRTF) .............................................................. 81
9.5 Binaural hearing in rooms ........................................................................................ 82
9.5.1 Localisation in non-anechoic situations ............................................................ 82
9.5.2 Acoustical ......................................................................................................... 82
9.5.3 Perceptual......................................................................................................... 82
10 Bouwakoestiek ................................................................................................................ 82
10.1 Inleiding tot geluidsisolatie ....................................................................................... 82
3
, 10.1.1 Contactgeluid .................................................................................................... 82
10.1.2 Luchtgeluid ....................................................................................................... 83
11 Geluidsisolatie theorie ..................................................................................................... 83
11.1 Luchtgeluidisolatie ................................................................................................... 83
11.1.1 Definitie geluidsverzwakkingsindex R (dB) ....................................................... 83
11.1.2 Luchtgeluidisolatie – situatie zonder geluidreflectie .......................................... 84
11.1.3 Luchtgeluidisolatie – situatie zonder geluidabsorptie ....................................... 84
11.1.4 Luchtgeluidisolatie – in realiteit ......................................................................... 85
11.1.5 Homogene enkelvoudige wanden .................................................................... 85
11.1.6 Theorie: Geluidstransmissie ............................................................................. 85
11.2 Luchtgeluidisolatie: enkelvoudige wanden – theorie ................................................ 86
11.2.1 Massawet.......................................................................................................... 86
11.2.2 Luchtgeluidisolatie: massawet en coïncidentie ................................................. 88
11.3 Luchtgeluidisolatie: dubbele wanden – theorie ........................................................ 90
11.3.1 Massawet en massa-veer-massa ..................................................................... 90
11.4 Luchtgeluidisolatie: dubbele wanden – ontwerpregels ............................................ 92
11.5 Samenvatting luchtgeluidisolatie .............................................................................. 97
11.5.1 Let op! ............................................................................................................... 97
11.6 Meten van luchtgeluidisolatie ................................................................................... 97
11.6.1 In het laboratorium (transmissiekamers KU Leuven) ........................................ 97
11.6.2 Luchtgeluidisolatie in het labo – samenvatting ................................................. 99
11.6.3 In een bouw .................................................................................................... 101
11.7 Contactgeluidisolatie .............................................................................................. 102
11.7.1 Oplossingen .................................................................................................... 104
11.8 Meten van contactgeluidisolatie ............................................................................. 110
11.8.1 In het laboratorium .......................................................................................... 110
12 Deuren en sluizen ......................................................................................................... 113
12.1 Een "kanaal" aan de binnenzijde ........................................................................... 114
12.2 Een "kanaal" aan de buitenzijde ............................................................................ 114
12.3 Dubbele deuren ..................................................................................................... 114
12.4 Een sluis ................................................................................................................ 115
13 Ramen, glaswanden en beglazingen ............................................................................ 115
13.1 Dikte van het glas .................................................................................................. 115
13.2 Enkel glas vs gewone dubbele glas ....................................................................... 115
13.3 Gelaagde beglazing ............................................................................................... 116
13.4 Dikte van de spouw................................................................................................ 116
13.5 Andere gassen in de spouw ................................................................................... 116
13.6 Luchtgeluidisolatie: ontwerpregels dubbele wanden ............................................. 117
14 Gevelisolatie.................................................................................................................. 117
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jayneosaer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.68. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81849 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now