NUTRITION AND BIOCHEMISTRY
FOR NURSES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
(BSN)
B.SC NURSING
, Contents
Part 1: Biochemistry
1. Biochemical Perspective to Medicine 3
2. Carbohydrate Chemistry 17
3. Chemistry of Lipids 39
4. Amino Acids 56
5. Chemistry of Proteins 66
6. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides 80
7. Enzymology 94
8. Digestion and Absorption 111
9. Vitamins 126
10. Basic Concepts of Metabolism 147
11. Metabolism of Carbohydrates 157
12. Metabolism of Lipids 185
13. Metabolism of Proteins 202
14. Immunochemistry 218
15. Hormones: Outline Chemistry and Functions 227
16. Blood Chemistry 244
17. Urinalysis 258
18. Renal Function Tests 270
19. Abnormalities of Bilirubin Metabolism Jaundice 277
20. Liver Function Tests 282
Part 2: Nutrition
21. Food, Nutrition and Health 289
22. Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch and Fibre 307
23. Nutritional Aspects of Fats 311
24. Proteins 315
,x Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses
25. Mineral Metabolism 322
26. Water Metabolism 342
27. Cookery Rules and Preservation of Nutrients 346
28. Food Preservation: Principles and Methods 353
29. Food-borne Diseases 357
30. Food Laws and Food Standards 360
31. Hospital Diets 366
32. Budgeting of Food Balanced Diet 372
33. Assessment of Nutritional Status 380
34. Role of Nurse in Nutritional Programmes 387
35. Nutrition in Pregnancy 392
36. Nutrition in Infancy 397
37. Menu for Preschool, School Age Children and
Adolescents 404
38. Geriatric Nutrition 412
39. Naturopathic Medicine 421
40. Diet Therapy 427
Appendices 461
Appendix-1: Course Description–Biochemistry 461
Appendix-2: Course Description–Nutrition 467
Appendix-3: University Exam Question Papers 475
Index 521
, Normal Values
Test Normal values Test Normal values
FBS 70-100 mg% Calcium 8.5-10.5 mg%
RBS 80-120 mg% Phosphorus 2.5-5 mg%
PPBS 100-140 mg% LIPID PROFILE
Urine Sugar Nil Cholesterol 150-250 mg%*
Glycosylated Hb. 4.5-8% HDL Cholesterol 30-70 mg%*
Urea 10-45 mg% Triglyceride 10-160 mg%
Creatinine 0.7-1.5 mg% VLDL 6-40 mg%
LDL 180 mg%
Uric Acid 3-7 mg% Acid Phosphatase 0-3 KAU/dl
Sodium 133-143 mEq/L Amylase 25-125 U/dl
Potassium 3.9-5.3 mEq/L
Chloride 98-108 mEq/L
Blood non-protein *Better to keep serum cholesterol
Nitrogen (NPN) 20-40 mg% level below 200 mg%
LIVER FUNCTIONS TESTS IRON PROFILE
Total Protein 6-8 g/dl Iron 60-150 ug/dl
Albumin 3.4-5 g/dl TIBC 230-380 ug/dl
A/G Ratio 1.2-1.7 Transferrin 1.2-2 g/dl
Total Bilirubin 0.2-1.2 mg% Transferrin Satn. 20-50%
Conj. Bilirubin 0.1-0.4 mg% URINE
SGOT (AST) 5-50 IU/L Creatinine 1.0-1.8
SGPT (ALT) 5-50 IU/L Reducing sugars 100 mg/day
Alkaline Phosphatase 100-250 IU/L Urea 30 gm/day
Gamma G.T. (GGT) 10-45 IU/L Uric acid 0.8 gm/day
CPK 0-192 IU/L Chloride as NaCl 10-15 gm/day
CPK - B 0-13 IU/L Urobilinogen 0.4 gm/day
CPK - MB 0-25 IU/L Ketone bodies 1 mg/day
LDH 200-400 IU/L Phosphorus 10 gm/day
Titrable acidity 200-400 ml
N/10 acid
FOR NURSES
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
(BSN)
B.SC NURSING
, Contents
Part 1: Biochemistry
1. Biochemical Perspective to Medicine 3
2. Carbohydrate Chemistry 17
3. Chemistry of Lipids 39
4. Amino Acids 56
5. Chemistry of Proteins 66
6. Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides 80
7. Enzymology 94
8. Digestion and Absorption 111
9. Vitamins 126
10. Basic Concepts of Metabolism 147
11. Metabolism of Carbohydrates 157
12. Metabolism of Lipids 185
13. Metabolism of Proteins 202
14. Immunochemistry 218
15. Hormones: Outline Chemistry and Functions 227
16. Blood Chemistry 244
17. Urinalysis 258
18. Renal Function Tests 270
19. Abnormalities of Bilirubin Metabolism Jaundice 277
20. Liver Function Tests 282
Part 2: Nutrition
21. Food, Nutrition and Health 289
22. Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch and Fibre 307
23. Nutritional Aspects of Fats 311
24. Proteins 315
,x Nutrition and Biochemistry for Nurses
25. Mineral Metabolism 322
26. Water Metabolism 342
27. Cookery Rules and Preservation of Nutrients 346
28. Food Preservation: Principles and Methods 353
29. Food-borne Diseases 357
30. Food Laws and Food Standards 360
31. Hospital Diets 366
32. Budgeting of Food Balanced Diet 372
33. Assessment of Nutritional Status 380
34. Role of Nurse in Nutritional Programmes 387
35. Nutrition in Pregnancy 392
36. Nutrition in Infancy 397
37. Menu for Preschool, School Age Children and
Adolescents 404
38. Geriatric Nutrition 412
39. Naturopathic Medicine 421
40. Diet Therapy 427
Appendices 461
Appendix-1: Course Description–Biochemistry 461
Appendix-2: Course Description–Nutrition 467
Appendix-3: University Exam Question Papers 475
Index 521
, Normal Values
Test Normal values Test Normal values
FBS 70-100 mg% Calcium 8.5-10.5 mg%
RBS 80-120 mg% Phosphorus 2.5-5 mg%
PPBS 100-140 mg% LIPID PROFILE
Urine Sugar Nil Cholesterol 150-250 mg%*
Glycosylated Hb. 4.5-8% HDL Cholesterol 30-70 mg%*
Urea 10-45 mg% Triglyceride 10-160 mg%
Creatinine 0.7-1.5 mg% VLDL 6-40 mg%
LDL 180 mg%
Uric Acid 3-7 mg% Acid Phosphatase 0-3 KAU/dl
Sodium 133-143 mEq/L Amylase 25-125 U/dl
Potassium 3.9-5.3 mEq/L
Chloride 98-108 mEq/L
Blood non-protein *Better to keep serum cholesterol
Nitrogen (NPN) 20-40 mg% level below 200 mg%
LIVER FUNCTIONS TESTS IRON PROFILE
Total Protein 6-8 g/dl Iron 60-150 ug/dl
Albumin 3.4-5 g/dl TIBC 230-380 ug/dl
A/G Ratio 1.2-1.7 Transferrin 1.2-2 g/dl
Total Bilirubin 0.2-1.2 mg% Transferrin Satn. 20-50%
Conj. Bilirubin 0.1-0.4 mg% URINE
SGOT (AST) 5-50 IU/L Creatinine 1.0-1.8
SGPT (ALT) 5-50 IU/L Reducing sugars 100 mg/day
Alkaline Phosphatase 100-250 IU/L Urea 30 gm/day
Gamma G.T. (GGT) 10-45 IU/L Uric acid 0.8 gm/day
CPK 0-192 IU/L Chloride as NaCl 10-15 gm/day
CPK - B 0-13 IU/L Urobilinogen 0.4 gm/day
CPK - MB 0-25 IU/L Ketone bodies 1 mg/day
LDH 200-400 IU/L Phosphorus 10 gm/day
Titrable acidity 200-400 ml
N/10 acid
